نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه غرب، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار آینده پژوهی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین علیه السلام، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اتوپیاها، نقشی اساسی در شکل دادن به تصاویر ذهنی بازیگران و ساخت آیندۀ بشر دارند و شاید اندیشیدن به یک آیندۀ مطلوب عمری به قدمت تاریخ بشر داشته باشد. با این حال پس از مور، دوران مدرن اتوپیانویسی با ویژگی‌‌های خاص خود آغاز گردید. یکی از مهم‌‌ترین تحولات اتوپیاها از زمان مور تاکنون تغییر در معنای «مکان» و بالتبع «زمان» در اتوپیاها است که به زعم این مقاله این تحول مهم تحت تأثیر نقش جدی «ماشین» روی داده است. به واقع به نظر می‌رسد ماشین توانسته تا حد زیادی پیکرۀ درونی اتوپیا را در هم ریخته و شالودۀ مفاهیم بنیادین آن را تغییر دهد.
این مقاله در تلاش برای پاسخ به این پرسش است که نقش ماشین در تغییرِ مفهومِ مکان اتوپیاها چقدر است و چیست؟ به منظور پاسخ به این سؤال و با ابتناء بر فهمِ هابز از ماشین، تاریخچۀ اتوپیاها پس از مور در قالب ادوار تاریخی بررسی و در نهایت به جمع‌‌بندی در خصوص نقش ماشین در هر دوره پرداخته شد. این خطِ سیر نشان می‌دهد که «نا-کجا» (اتوپیا) در حرکتِ تاریخیِ اتوپیانویسیِ پس از مور ابتدا به «نا-کی» (نا-زمان) و سپس به «بی‌-کجا (بی‌مکان) و بی‌-کی (بی‌زمان)» یا اتوپیاهای سایبری تبدیل می‌شود. نتیجه آن‌‌که اتوپیا از «یک شهرِ دور» یا «یک جامعۀ در آینده» بدل به ماشینی می‌‌شود که خودش زمان و مکان ندارد؛ اما به زمان و مکانِ جامعۀ آرمانی یا پادآرمانی بدل می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Role of "Machine" on Changing the Meaning of "Place" in Modern Utopias

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Sajjad Shariati 1
  • Mohammadreza ArabBafrani 2

1 MA of Western Philosophy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Futures Studies, Imam Hossein PBUH University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The utopias play a major role in shaping the mental images of the players and building the future of mankind. thinking about a good future, indeed, has a history as old as human history. However, after Thomas More, the modern era of utopian literature began with its own characteristics. One of the most important transitions in utopian literature since More has been the transition in the meaning of "Place" and, moreover, "Time", which, according to this article, has happened under the influence of the concept of the machine. In fact, it seems that the machine has largely disarranged Utopia's inner body and changed the foundations of its fundamental concepts.
This article seeks to answer the question of what is the role of the machine in changing the concept of place in post-Morian utopias? In order to answer this question and based on Hobbes's understanding of the machine, historical periods of the post-Morion utopias were studied, and then the role of the machine in each period has been discussed. This historical trajectory shows that “No-where” (U-Topia), in the historical movement of Post-Morion utopias, first becomes to “No-when” (non-time) and then to “without-where (Placeless) and without-when (Timeless)” or, in another word, Cyber Utopias. As a result, Utopia, which at first was a "distant-city" or "future-society" becomes a machine that itself does not have time and space but becomes, in itself, the time and place of the ideal or anti-Ideal society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Utopia
  • Machine
  • Cyber
  • Cyber Utopia
  • Utopian Literature
  • Leviathan‎ Theology
  • Futures Studies
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