نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموختة دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد نابه‌جای «علت» در ترجمة آیتیون و انتقال محتوای مفهومی و متافیزیکی علت فاعلی به سایر علل به‌ویژه علت غایی، سبب تفاسیر و فهم نادرست از این مفهوم بوده است. اگر نسبت میان علت و تبیین در نظر گرفته نشود، خلط میان معنای علت در فلسفة جدید و آیتیا رخ می‌دهد که ناشی ازلحاظ نکردن تفاوت «نظر به واقع» و ذهن یا تمایز مقام ثبوت و اثبات است. در این مقاله به چرایی و چگونگی احصاء علل ارسطویی و سویه‌های وجود شناختی و معرفت‌شناختی نسبت علت و تبیین از دیدگاه او پرداخته می‌شود. دلیل طبقه‌بندی چهارگانة ارسطو از علل و فهم نسبت علّی را باید بر اساس مقولة تغییر و حرکت یا نسبت میان سازنده و مصنوع جست. می‌توان نقش تغییر و حرکت را به‌عنوان بنیاد تحلیل طبیعی علیت بر اساس آموزه‌های به‌خصوص فیزیک و متافیزیک نگریست به‌موازات نظریة علیت ارسطو در تحلیلات ثانی بر مبنای مفاهیم حد وسط قیاس برهانی و حمل کلی ذاتی علّی. می‌توان علت را نوعی تبیین یا به‌اصطلاح قسمی تبیین موسوم به تبیین علّی دانست به‌نحوی‌که تبیین و آیتیا اعمّ از علت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Aristotle, the Theory of Causes or the Theory of Four Explanations?

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Amir Ali Mousavian

PhD of Philosophy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The inappropriate use of "cause" in the translation of Aition and transferring the conceptual and metaphysical content of active cause to other causes, especially the ultimate cause, has caused misinterpretations and misunderstanding of this concept. If the relationship between cause and explanation is not taken into account, there will be confusion between the meaning of cause in the new philosophy and Aitia, which is caused by not taking into account the difference between "view to fact" and the mind, or the distinction between proof and evidence. In this article, the why and how to enumerate the Aristotelian causes and the ontological and epistemological strains of the relationship between cause and explanation are discussed from his point of view. The reason for Aristotle's fourfold classification of causes and the understanding of the causal relationship should be found based on the category of change and movement or the relationship between the creator and the artifact. The role of change and movement can be considered as the foundation of the natural analysis of causality based on the teachings of physics and metaphysics, in parallel with Aristotle's theory of causality in secondary analyzes based on the concepts of the middle ground of evidential analogy and general causal innateness. It is possible to consider the cause as a type of explanation or as a part of the explanation known as the causal explanation in such a way that it is both an explanation and an explanation of the cause.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aition
  • Aitia
  • Cause
  • Explanation
  • Aristotle
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Biblography
Aristotle.(2019). Aristotle's Logic (Organon), translated by Dr. Mirshamsuddin Adib Soltani, second edition, Tehran: Negah Publishing House. [in Persian]