Research Paper
mohammad ilkhani
Abstract
In describing Aquinas’s thought, some Thomists call it the prime example of Christian and eternal philosophy. For some others, he is a perfect theologian and they insist on the perfect harmony of reason and faith in his works. This article shows that it is not possible to call Aquinas’s thought ...
Read More
In describing Aquinas’s thought, some Thomists call it the prime example of Christian and eternal philosophy. For some others, he is a perfect theologian and they insist on the perfect harmony of reason and faith in his works. This article shows that it is not possible to call Aquinas’s thought a kind of philosophy, neither is the title of “Christian Philosophy” suitable for it. Despite the deep contrast between Pauline-Johannic Christianity and Peripatetic Philosophy, he tried to reconcile them. Furthermore, he tried to produce a peripatetic system of Christianity with a literal meaning based on Aristotelian philosophy aided by Avicenna and Averroes’s philosophical systems. However, in doing so, he encountered numerous insuperable problems because of the essential differences between Peripatetic Philosophy and Christian dogma. In his attempt, he diverged from the dominant current of mysticism. This made his adepts, especially the Franciscans, to criticise him, even though they also described Christianity using a philosophical system, i.e. Neoplatonism.
Research Paper
lotfollah nabavi; mojtaba amir khanluo
Abstract
Actualism is an ontological thesis according to which the domain of existent objects and the domain of actual ones are the same. According to this thesis, we do not need to commit to any non-actual objects for solving any philosophical problems. The approach of Bernard Linsky, Edward N. Zalta and Michael ...
Read More
Actualism is an ontological thesis according to which the domain of existent objects and the domain of actual ones are the same. According to this thesis, we do not need to commit to any non-actual objects for solving any philosophical problems. The approach of Bernard Linsky, Edward N. Zalta and Michael Nelson is one of the current approaches to the actualism which is known as “New Actualism”. They offer a new presupposition about existent objects according to which a concrete object is in fact contingently concrete object and a non-concrete object, if not be (unlike the number 11) an abstract one is (like the Masaya’s child) contingently non-concrete object. So, by supposing contingently non-concrete objects, they can present a model with fixed domain and not-world-restricted quantifiers which can validate formulas like Barcan Formula, Conversion of Barcan Formula, Necessary Existence and Iterated Modality and offer a suitable explanation for intuitions which support the formula of Possibility of Aliens. However, some critics like Karen Bennett believe that in this approach, some non-actual entities have enumerated as actual objects and consequently New Actualism is a kind of Proxy Actualism. In this article, by adopting an opponent position to Karen Bennett’s one, we try to describe New Actualism and some criticisms about it and to show that New Actualism is not a kind of Proxy Actualism.
Research Paper
hasan seyed arab
Abstract
In Islamic philosophy Suhrawardi (587-549 BC) is a representative figure of Platonic tradition and thought. The position or level that he holds in Illuminationist philosophy is the same as Plato's (427-347 BC) position in peripatetic philosophy. He called Plato in his writings "theosophist Plato" (Aflatun-al-elahi) ...
Read More
In Islamic philosophy Suhrawardi (587-549 BC) is a representative figure of Platonic tradition and thought. The position or level that he holds in Illuminationist philosophy is the same as Plato's (427-347 BC) position in peripatetic philosophy. He called Plato in his writings "theosophist Plato" (Aflatun-al-elahi) or "leader of philosophy" (imam-al-hokama) and etc. In fact, Suhrawardi was an impassioned believer of Platonic philosophy. In the report that he has given on Plato's views he considered those ones that are based on intuition. However he also considered Plato's ontological notions, but he finally attached them to Plato's intuition of the existance facts. From his point of view, it seems that Plato had an intuitive awareness of divine essence. Suhrawardi recognized plato as a theosophist, and tried to conjoin Palto's and Zoroaster's thoughts. He used islamic laws for joining these two types of views and representing a combinational new viewpoint.
Research Paper
sadrodin taheri; mohammad hadi tavakoli
Abstract
There are different viewpoints about the question that “what is the creation and making of things?” Among various theories about this question, decedent Imam Khomeini (peace be upon him) has special viewpoint. Imam believes to the mystic’s monotheism, (i.e. oneness of being) and according ...
Read More
There are different viewpoints about the question that “what is the creation and making of things?” Among various theories about this question, decedent Imam Khomeini (peace be upon him) has special viewpoint. Imam believes to the mystic’s monotheism, (i.e. oneness of being) and according to this view it cannot be said that existence is a creature, because the result of this position is real multiplicity in being. In contrast, Imam says that the made thing is quiddity, but this made thing is not the primary creature but is a kind of appearance following the appearance of the existence.
Research Paper
musa dibaj
Abstract
In his philosophical theory of space (and time), Immanuel Kant distinguishes between the relation that exists between things to each other in space (Verhaltnis) and the one that exists between space (and time) to us (Beziehung). He holds that space cannot be manifested by the mere experience of relations ...
Read More
In his philosophical theory of space (and time), Immanuel Kant distinguishes between the relation that exists between things to each other in space (Verhaltnis) and the one that exists between space (and time) to us (Beziehung). He holds that space cannot be manifested by the mere experience of relations between spatial manifestations of things. Rather, space results solely from the possibilities of representation of space/place. However, our awareness of the reality of space/place does not depend on the experiential recognition of things. Human beings are engaged in space without having any primary experience of space, whereas Kant somehow reduces space to some external spatial aspect of things. Nevertheless, space amounts to more than what Kant considers to be the grasping/understanding of the pure form of space. The origin of space lies primarily/essentially beyond the human subjectivity and the boundaries of cognitive recognition of space/place. Kant regards space as the condition of the appearance of things that exist in the external world and become available to our perceptions, though there would be no relation between space and the determinations of things themselves. Therefore, one may ask where that space/place is where things in themselves exist. On the one hand, Kant does not provide any positive argument in order to dismiss the space itself that maintains the thing(s) in itself. On the other hand, if space is not a characteristic of a thing in itself, it cannot be said that the thing in itself is contained in space itself. If space is not given to us as a primary reality that is irreducible to the mere characteristics of things in themselves, things in themselves, as substances, would have nothing in common with space, whether substantial or not. If we do not accept that space is a place where things in themselves are, then where would those things in themselves be located? Moreover, where would we and our world be situated?
Research Paper
mousa lalayeri
Abstract
This article considers the topic of definition in the traditional logic and tries to through some criticisms to this system and classifying and analyzing of these criticisms, show the deficiency and inefficiency of the topic of definition. The result of this analysis is that the topic of definition is ...
Read More
This article considers the topic of definition in the traditional logic and tries to through some criticisms to this system and classifying and analyzing of these criticisms, show the deficiency and inefficiency of the topic of definition. The result of this analysis is that the topic of definition is altogether unfruitfulness and neither can be used to define new concepts nor can be used to classify and analyze scientific definitions in different disciplines. After this analysis, it is tried to introduce an alternative system in which five kinds of definition are defined. Finally the advantages and fruitfulness of the new system are analyzed and considered.
Research Paper
mohammad asghari
Abstract
This article considers the relation of reason and faith in Kierkegaard's existentialist Thought. Kierkegaard describes the faith as a kind of "passion", "leap" or "relation to God" and believes that it is over reason and sometimes has position that is completely against reason. According to Kierkegaard, ...
Read More
This article considers the relation of reason and faith in Kierkegaard's existentialist Thought. Kierkegaard describes the faith as a kind of "passion", "leap" or "relation to God" and believes that it is over reason and sometimes has position that is completely against reason. According to Kierkegaard, the faith can save us but we cannot know the faith by reason. He defend faith against reason, hence he is called a "Fideist." In addition, this article tries to show that it is found a sort of rationalism in Kierkegaard’s works, especially when he is articulating the nature of faith; but his rationalism is not similar to the rationalism of enlightenment.
