Research Paper
khosro bagheri; zohreh khosravi
Abstract
In the present essay, it is suggested that Islam's view on human could be formulated essentially in terms of agency. From this perspective, action and human agency is based on three basic foundations termed as cognition, emotion, and will. The agency point of view with the mentioned components is a hard ...
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In the present essay, it is suggested that Islam's view on human could be formulated essentially in terms of agency. From this perspective, action and human agency is based on three basic foundations termed as cognition, emotion, and will. The agency point of view with the mentioned components is a hard core that should be seriously taken into account in any kind of theorizing about the human like what is involved in psychology or sociology. Of course, talking about impulsive behavior in the individual or the unpredictability of consequences of integrated actions at the social level is compatible with the agency point of view in the Islamic theory of action given that the above-mentioned hard core is accepted at the bottom. Habcrmas has also seriously taken into account the human agency. In his theory, two models of purposive-rational and functional rationality in system are used. These two models have led to acceptance of two conceptual apparatuses and two methodological styles. The characteristics of these two apparatuses and methodological styles prevent us from considering continuity between them. This is because changing "the actor's view" to "the spectator's view" changes the quality of the subject altogether. Comparing the two theories, it could be said that Habermas's view on the cybernetic explanation of social system is an example of the explanation that is based on assumptions different from those of Islamic view on human. This is because the cybernetic explanation, as Habermas holds, does not care at all about intentions and awareness of agents. In this kind of explanation, it is held that the system itself has an objective entity and, in addition, has particular laws for development according to the logic of feedback and in which intentions and awareness of agents have no place
Research Paper
seyyed hedayat sajadi
Abstract
The problem of underdetermination is one of the most important problems that rise in the process of theory-choice among equivalent theories. In this paper, I examine the notion of equivalence from logical, evidential, theoretical and experimental aspects, and discuss three thesis on underdetermination: ...
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The problem of underdetermination is one of the most important problems that rise in the process of theory-choice among equivalent theories. In this paper, I examine the notion of equivalence from logical, evidential, theoretical and experimental aspects, and discuss three thesis on underdetermination: weak, strong and stronger underdetermination. I present what should be taken as the appropriate approach to theory choice, given that any of these three kinds of underdetermination occurs. Based on the history of science and also reasonable method, it is concluded that if weak and strong underdetermination occur in actual scientific enterprise, one can prefer a theory over other equivalents with regard to fertility merit of the theory
Research Paper
reza akbari
Abstract
Taking the first-person approach to the problem of consciousness, the plan of conceivability, explanatory and knowledge arguments is to show an epistemic gap in the first step and to prove a metaphysical gap in the second between mental and physical. The soundness. of these arguments shows the correctness ...
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Taking the first-person approach to the problem of consciousness, the plan of conceivability, explanatory and knowledge arguments is to show an epistemic gap in the first step and to prove a metaphysical gap in the second between mental and physical. The soundness. of these arguments shows the correctness of Chalmers task who divides the problems of consciousness into easy problems and difficult ones. Objecting the first• person approach to the problem and insisting on the third-person approach, materialism denies the soundness of these arguments. In this approach we should take the scientific researches seriously and desist from our liar intuition as a basis for theorizing mental experience. But from where does this big "should" come? This "should" shows the deontologistic aspect of materialism in the study of consciousness which is wrong in the light of reformed epistemology. If the use of scientific researches is acceptable why not religion? In the light of Islamic, Christian and Judaic sacred texts we can accept a kind of substance dualism despite lack of the exact and complete knowledge of the properties of the soul.
Research Paper
mohsen javadi
Research Paper
ghasem kuchnani
Abstract
Plato maintained that God's knoivledge of things consisted of se!f existent externalforms, i.e. Ideas. Plato's belief has been criticized lry Mui/a 5adra and others. Avicenna believes since God is the knower of His own essence which is the complete cause of things, He is the knower of things. His knowledge ...
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Plato maintained that God's knoivledge of things consisted of se!f existent externalforms, i.e. Ideas. Plato's belief has been criticized lry Mui/a 5adra and others. Avicenna believes since God is the knower of His own essence which is the complete cause of things, He is the knower of things. His knowledge of things is a general kn01v!edge and general, in this sense, means lack of transformation of knowledge in accordance witb the transformation of knmvn object. The philosophers after Avicenna criticized him, because his belief necessitates the obstacle of the evacuation of the essence of God from peifection and the dread of subsistence of the empirica! knowledge is essentialfor one who is by essence and act non-material. 5hqykh Ishraq maintains that things, whether material or non-material, are presentfor God, the Exalted, by their own concrete existence. There are also criticisms on 5hqykh Ishraq 's notion, among them is that his opinion on the presence of material things is prohibitedfor God, the Exalted, because materiality and presence do not aggregate. 5adr ul-Muta'alehin has affirmed the detailed kno1vledge of God through the principle of "simple reality is all things" i.e. the knowledge of the Necessary Being of all things is actualized in the stage of His essence before the existence of those things. Allameh Tabatabaii rationalizes the detailed knoivledge of God by the existential application of God which is essential for the assumption of necessity of the existence in• itse!f.
Research Paper
mehdi ghavam safari
Abstract
Plato 1s doctrine of recollection is often identified witb innatism, and he is said to be an innatist. The present pape0 alongside J,vifh e:x:plaining this doctrine and other related doctrines in Plato's epistemology, argues that the doctrine of recollection is not necessarily the same as innatism. It ...
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Plato 1s doctrine of recollection is often identified witb innatism, and he is said to be an innatist. The present pape0 alongside J,vifh e:x:plaining this doctrine and other related doctrines in Plato's epistemology, argues that the doctrine of recollection is not necessarily the same as innatism. It is a matter of fact that, in Plato's epistemology1 perception and intellectual epistemic activi01 plqy a crucial role in the acquisition of kn01vledge.
Research Paper
zahra mostafavi khomami
Abstract
Sadr-ul-Muta 'allehin, a prominent figure among Islamic philosophers spent his utmost efforts to connect Islamic philosophy, !lysticism, theology and exegesis of Hojy Qur'an in some of the dijferent discussions such as the Primary and Unit» of the Truth of Being (Esalat va Vahdat-e Haqiqat-e Vojoud), ...
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Sadr-ul-Muta 'allehin, a prominent figure among Islamic philosophers spent his utmost efforts to connect Islamic philosophy, !lysticism, theology and exegesis of Hojy Qur'an in some of the dijferent discussions such as the Primary and Unit» of the Truth of Being (Esalat va Vahdat-e Haqiqat-e Vojoud), the relationship of causaliry which he has defined as actualization (Tasha'on), analogicalgradation of being (T.ashkik-e Vqjoud) , transubstantiation (Harekat-e Johan), the uniry of the Intelligence and the Intelligible (Ettehad-e 'Aghel va Ma 'ghou, and the immaterialiry of the faculry of imagination (tajarrod-e khia01 and Platonic Ideas. He interpreted the meaning of Platonic Ideas on one qf the mystical theories, i.e. ''immutable essences" (A 'ayan-e Sahetah). The present article elaborates dijferent viewpoints among the Islamic philosophers and the critiques of Sadr-ul-Muta1allehin of their perceptions such as Farabi, Ibn-e Sina (Avicenna), Suhra1vardi1 Dauani, and Mirdamad, and commenting on interpretation of Mulla Sadra and also plans to reviews his eight neu. proofs ofPlatonic Ideas.
Research Paper
Kathleen Haney
Abstract
The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative ...
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The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative reason trumpeted by po-mo thinkers need not result in the end of the proiect ef rationality. Rather, rethinking the philosophic tradition in a radical fashion leads to greater inclusion ef other perspectives andfaculties and more possibilities far reasoning together in the search for truth.
