Roohollah Fadaei; Mohammad Saeedimehr
Abstract
Galen is one of the most prominent thinkers and scientists in antiquity, who paid special attention to the methodology of natural sciences. On the other hand, the transition of Galenic tradition to the Islamic world had a wide impact on different areas of thought, one of which was methodology. Accordingly, ...
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Galen is one of the most prominent thinkers and scientists in antiquity, who paid special attention to the methodology of natural sciences. On the other hand, the transition of Galenic tradition to the Islamic world had a wide impact on different areas of thought, one of which was methodology. Accordingly, studying Galen's scientific methodology plays a significant role in a true understanding of the scientific tradition in the Islamic medieval ages. This article, using the method of text-oriented analytic interpretation, expounds on the status of reason as one of the two main elements of Galen's methodology. In his view, the reason is the main part of the human soul which provides the scientific method both formally and materially. Its formal functions, pertaining to the logical scope, are as follows: demonstration, division and synthesis, definition, similarity and dissimilarity, analysis and synthesis, and indication. On the other hand, in a material sense, the mind provides the necessary prerequisites for the formation of proof and implication by understanding rational axioms.
Mahdi Ganjvar
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze Fakhr-al-din Razi's theological method and the effect of theological teachings on his thought and logic of understanding religion; because among the Ash'arite theologians, the role of Imam Fakhr Razi in terms of methodology in the process of philosophizing theology ...
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The purpose of this article is to analyze Fakhr-al-din Razi's theological method and the effect of theological teachings on his thought and logic of understanding religion; because among the Ash'arite theologians, the role of Imam Fakhr Razi in terms of methodology in the process of philosophizing theology is prominent and important and has received less attention from researchers. However, among the many issues about this knowledge, reviewing and refining the method of theology and raising methodological discussions about this science is one of the necessary preconditions and rudiments for understanding a coherent theological system. Inferring and analyzing the components of Fakhr's philosophical theology approach, such as: using logic and philosophical tools in explaining doctrinal issues; using the argumentative method in proving religious claims; avoidance of imitation and the dominance of rationality over obedience; and non-reliance on narrative evidence is the most important findings of this study. The method used in this research is the descriptive-analytical method of an inferential type.
mahin arab
Abstract
In modernity era, philosophical thoughts certainly have crucial influences on the growth and development of culture and civilization of western world. Among those philosophers who have theoretical viewpoints and opinions, and furthermore have introduced efficient methods in studying natural and human ...
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In modernity era, philosophical thoughts certainly have crucial influences on the growth and development of culture and civilization of western world. Among those philosophers who have theoretical viewpoints and opinions, and furthermore have introduced efficient methods in studying natural and human phenomena have more affection on interiorizing and making applicable philosophical thoughts in scientific, technological and cultural development of west. In this paper, two methodologies are discussed one of which is introduced in the beginning of modernity by leading French philosopher, Rene Descartes as a general and useful method for all kinds of sciences and the other one is introduced in heyday of modernity by famous Austrian philosopher, Karl Popper as a beneficial method for studying social phenomena. Evidently, each one of these methods is relying on particular principles and is derived from special ideological and historical backgrounds. They have also advantages and deficiencies which make them apt to be criticized. In this issue, the moot points above are reviewed and at the end, common aspects of both methods are considered briefly.
mohammad ali dibaji
Abstract
One of the issues that is considered as a fundamental component of Hekmat (or philosophy), is the understanding of metaphysics. The problem is how and by which way we can understand the metaphysics? The answer of Aristotle and peripatetic philosophers is "reason" and "discursive method". But Suhrawardi ...
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One of the issues that is considered as a fundamental component of Hekmat (or philosophy), is the understanding of metaphysics. The problem is how and by which way we can understand the metaphysics? The answer of Aristotle and peripatetic philosophers is "reason" and "discursive method". But Suhrawardi (who is considered as the founder of Illuminationist philosophy) added to it, The Mokashefah (spiritual discovery) and Taaloh (divinization), and in the same place separated his method from the early philosophers' ones. These two factors, according to Suhrawardi, are the ways for observation of incorporative world. In Suhrawardi's view metaphysics contains sensory, fantasy and rational concepts that the first is concluded from the two factors and then became discursive and used in philosophical propositions. This metaphysics requires a certain methodology that the article says about it: in the methodology of Suhrawardi, divinization and spiritual discovery are new ways to understanding metaphysics and specially the part that must to be call "meta nature". Also the methodology benefits from the symbolic and figurative language that reduplicates the capacity of philosophical meanings. On the base of that methodology, the formal language is unable to indicate the nature of things, and to understanding of metaphysics.
