Research Paper
ali karbasi zadeh
Abstract
From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy ...
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From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy from a new perspective for the first time. Nietzsche criticized the fundamental presuppositions of metaphysical systems, and believed that the essence of philosophy is nihilistic in itself, and so its time has been come to an end. He declared that philosophy is an untimely and extraordinary expression, and claimed that his own works deserve to be called "philosophy"; hence, he named himself not a poet, scientist, or psychologist, but a "philosopher". Nietzsche divided the philosophers into two groups: the masters who create values, and the slaves who love and seek for knowledge and truth. He confessed that he belongs to the first group, and distinguished himself such as "the future philosopher" and his philosophy a heritage to the futurities.
Research Paper
Mahin Arab
Abstract
Guardianship as one of the foundations of religion is the core and essence of it. In the rules of Islam, it has been quoted, "Deeds are not accepted unless performed with faith in Guardianship". In fact, Guardianship is the heart and basis of the entire human virtues and the starting point of achieving ...
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Guardianship as one of the foundations of religion is the core and essence of it. In the rules of Islam, it has been quoted, "Deeds are not accepted unless performed with faith in Guardianship". In fact, Guardianship is the heart and basis of the entire human virtues and the starting point of achieving the ultimate stage of faith as well. Hadjviri, the great mystic, in his book, Kashf al Mahjoob, says: "the foundation of the disciplines of Islamic mysticism and knowledge of God is Guardianship". In Islam the first rate of Guardianship belongs solely to God, and the other rates as manifestations are derived from this pre-existent spring. Although Guardianship is considered widely in many kinds of Islamic knowledge but in this square, discussion of completing guardianship and the last guardians is one of the most important and exotic discussion in the view of Islamic mysticism that had been disputed by many of elegance inhabitants and spiritual masters. In this issue, first, Guardianship and its various kinds and then the last of the Guardians, based on Ibn Arabi's viewpoints, have been considered and criticized, and at last the Shiite's faith in guardianship has been emphasized.
Research Paper
gholamreza zakyani
Abstract
The philosophy of logic is a posterior science, which examines the philosophical principles of logic as well as the matters derived from the logical debates. Aristotle's philosophy of logic has not been collected yet, but we need to do it due to comparing the ancient logic with the modern interpretations. ...
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The philosophy of logic is a posterior science, which examines the philosophical principles of logic as well as the matters derived from the logical debates. Aristotle's philosophy of logic has not been collected yet, but we need to do it due to comparing the ancient logic with the modern interpretations. For gathering these philosophical principles we have to refer to Aristotle's own works directly. Perhaps the most important transition which was occurred in Aristotelian logic was formed by the Muslim scientists like as Ibn-Sina and his remarkable work al-Isharat wa-'l-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions). The writer of this paper believes that the so-called transformation not only happened in the formal division of logic by the Muslim philosophers, but they had an essential and profound viewpoint to logic too. We can find the origin of these progressions in the work of the Neoplatonist Porphyry, known as the Isagoge (Introduction), which was appended to the beginning of the Organon series as an introduction to the study of the Categories; however it finally removed categories and made the syllogisms formal. Demonstrating such a theory requires knowing Aristotle's logic exactly. The present paper deals with the Prior Analytics, which contains the theory of syllogism as well.
Research Paper
Ali Paya
Abstract
The present paper pursues three general objectives. In the first place, it tries to present a succinct account of the phenomenon of modernity. Secondly, it goes some way towards producing a brief and critical assessment of some aspects of this phenomenon in the context of Iran. And, thirdly, it offers ...
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The present paper pursues three general objectives. In the first place, it tries to present a succinct account of the phenomenon of modernity. Secondly, it goes some way towards producing a brief and critical assessment of some aspects of this phenomenon in the context of Iran. And, thirdly, it offers some guidelines for constructing a model for developing modernity in Iran. Throughout, I shall try to be as brief as possible. This means, among other things, that the reader should lower his/her expectation of the paper to a realistic level. Any discussion of the complex phenomenon of modernity in a limited space provided for a short paper would involve, inevitably, resorting to measures such as simplification and omission. The paper does not make any claim with regard to producing solutions for the theoretical difficulties of the issue of Iranian experience of modernity. In fact, it is the present author’s firm conviction that if the present contribution to this debate could shed even a faint light on some of the lesser aspects of this issue and draw the attention of the readers to some of its not-very-well-known angles, and, by doing so, invites the readers to think afresh about this phenomenon, then the main goal of the paper is achieved.
Research Paper
Mohammad Ali Ejeii
Abstract
In his book Asas al-ightibas Tusi speaks of a group of logicians who maintain that modality can be applied in order to modalize the quantity of a proposition. The standard view maintains that in a modalized proposition the modal term can only qualify the relation of the predicate to the subject. Avicenna ...
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In his book Asas al-ightibas Tusi speaks of a group of logicians who maintain that modality can be applied in order to modalize the quantity of a proposition. The standard view maintains that in a modalized proposition the modal term can only qualify the relation of the predicate to the subject. Avicenna has argued for the first thesis, and a group of well-known logicians followed him. Tusi disagreed. As Tusi precedes some of these logicians the question remains unsettled. The purpose of this article is to articulate the thesis first, and then to discuss Avicenna's reason for proposing it. The article argues that the data he offers in support of his thesis can be interpreted differently, and thus, it is argued that the thesis remains unjustified.
Research Paper
Ali Maleki
Abstract
The concept of “rationality” is a key and highly cited concept in many theories of social sciences in general, and in economics in particular. Because of its logical and methodological importance in one side, and many controversial discussions over its definition, content and status in the ...
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The concept of “rationality” is a key and highly cited concept in many theories of social sciences in general, and in economics in particular. Because of its logical and methodological importance in one side, and many controversial discussions over its definition, content and status in the methodology of the Social Sciences in the other side, there are a number of recent scholars who has spent considerable efforts to deal with these issues. The scope of the methodological analysis of this article about the concept of the “rationality” is limited to address the content and the status of this concept in the framework of the methodology of “situational logic”, which has been largely discussed and explained by Karl Popper under the phrase of “rationality principle”. The main aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between Popper’s interpretation of the concept of the rationality and two other versions of this concept used by two main economics research programs, i.e. neoclassical and evolutionary economics. Given some assumptions, this article shows that the version of rationality concept drawn by evolutionary economists is more compatible with Popperian principle of rationality, though the primary idea of the rationality concept itself was drawn from neoclassical economics by Popper.
Research Paper
Mohammad Shafii
Abstract
While Kant presupposes the existence of science and ethic, he studies their boundaries and limits as well. For doing this, he applies two terms and expressions, i.e., “reason” and “understanding”. In this paper, we take a look at the definitions of those two concepts in Kant’s ...
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While Kant presupposes the existence of science and ethic, he studies their boundaries and limits as well. For doing this, he applies two terms and expressions, i.e., “reason” and “understanding”. In this paper, we take a look at the definitions of those two concepts in Kant’s terminology within the approach that discriminates their differences. At first, the placement of these two faculties in science territory will be studied and then by examining of Kant’s ethical point of view, it will be concluded that in this approach, the functionality of reason appears in act and ethic domains, and pure reason is practical in its essence.
