Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran;
Abstract
Referring to the fundamental and universal principles of human rights, Allameh Jafari believed that the divine religions, and at the top of them, Islam, are the culmination or peak of human rights. The comprehensiveness of Islam is evident and obvious in explaining rights and duties from its attitude to human being as "universal man" in the form of "universal face". Referring to natural roots of five bases of universal human rights, he believes that they believe that Islam and the West have an "eighty percent" agreement on human rights. Islam also emphasizes the principles of the right to life, human dignity, education, liberty and equality and in some cases, including Islam's specific look at the definition and value of humans, there is a twenty percent difference between Islam and the West. But in Kant's thought, the rules of human rights are “priori” rules of practical reason. Kant says fundamental rights are "universal". Allameh accepts these rights and emphasizes on the necessity of their adjustment according to the norms of other cultures. The Kantian human rights are rooted in reason, not revelation because they are derived from the text of Protestantism, which has led to the secularization of the religion. Kant's utopia in the form of the "Commonwealth Society" is the product of such an approach. Religion does not play a role in Kant's human rights and it is moral absolutely. While human rights in terms of Allameh Jafari come from the revelation and they are conformed to religion despite being ethical. The paper will present the points of sharing and differentiation between Allameh and Kant by focusing on the concept of right.
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