Investigation And Criticism Of The Inherent Dualism Of Soul And Body In Descartes' Thought With The Approach Of Transcendent Wisdom

RajabNezhadian, Masoumeh; Karimzadeh Gharamaleki, Ghorbanali; Babaei, Ali

doi:10.22054/wph.2025.79627.2243

Investigation And Criticism Of The Inherent Dualism Of Soul And Body In Descartes' Thought With The Approach Of Transcendent Wisdom

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Masoumeh RajabNezhadian ¹

Ghorbanali Karimzadeh Gharamaleki ²

Ali Babaei ²

¹ Master Student of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, University of Tabriz

² Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy and Theology, Faculty Member of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/wph.2025.79627.2243

Abstract

The soul and the body and the relationship between these two essences are among the problems of the philosophy of mind, and there are traces of this topic in all philosophical schools. The philosophy of Descartes and transcendent wisdom are also among these schools, according to the principles of both schools, these two essences have duality, with the difference that Descartes believes in the inherent dualism of soul and body, and transcendent wisdom proposes the gradational dualism of these two essences. but Descartes' thought has been criticized by many philosophical schools due to the impossibility of connecting two contradictory essences. Therefore, examining and criticizing the inherent dualism of soul and body in Descartes' thought with the approach of transcendent wisdom can reveal many weaknesses of Descartes' view in this field, provide appropriate solutions to overcome these weaknesses and convince the critics.
In this article, through descriptive-analytical method, first we examined the inherent dualism of soul and body in Descartes' thought, then Descartes' solutions on the union of soul and body are presented, and finally, we criticized the inherent duality of soul and body in Descartes' thought with the approach of transcendent wisdom and solutions are presented in this field, according to these solutions, by accepting the existence of the material characteristics of the soul, at the beginning of creation, the soul and the body can be considered united with each other, and the independence of the soul from the body can be proposed at the time.

Keywords

Soul and Body

Dualism

Descartes

Mulla Sadra

Pineal Gland

Subjects

philosophy

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