philosophy
Ali Shaki; Ahmad Ali Heydari
Abstract
With the critique of the philosophy of identity, Theodor Adorno wishes to shift the concentration of thought to the non-identical. In Adorno's beliefs, from Parmenidus up to Hegel, philosophers sought to overcome contradictions, or to adapt and unify thought and existence. But, Adorno, by emphasising ...
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With the critique of the philosophy of identity, Theodor Adorno wishes to shift the concentration of thought to the non-identical. In Adorno's beliefs, from Parmenidus up to Hegel, philosophers sought to overcome contradictions, or to adapt and unify thought and existence. But, Adorno, by emphasising the principle of contradiction, tries to resist againts the idea of the identification of thought and the object. The claim to capture the totality of the real by means of concepts is but an illusion because of the fact that objects are non-conceptual and that the totalizing characteristic of concepts cannot fully perceive the particuliarity of the objects. Reification which has been the dominant ruler of the world since the emergence of late capitalism, has made thoughts resemble the rules and relations of commodity, finally resulting in the identification of the experience. Adorno attempts to recover the objects in their non-identity and free the objects from the dominance of the subject via rebuilding the relations of subject-object in the idea of mediation and save the reificated subjectivity. Based on this view, a constellation of concepts which has a kind of historical quality gathers around an object and, as these concepts seek to explain and comprehend fully the object; Nenetheless, those concepts would never reach the end in doing so.
naser momeni; mohammad javad safian
Abstract
One of the most important problems in Humans thought is the Principle of identity. What is the meaning of this principle? How it comes to be? Can we speak, basically, of coming to be of something-here the principle of identity? Are the principles something discoverable? Or they are unknowable? The early ...
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One of the most important problems in Humans thought is the Principle of identity. What is the meaning of this principle? How it comes to be? Can we speak, basically, of coming to be of something-here the principle of identity? Are the principles something discoverable? Or they are unknowable? The early Greeks thinkers, with the help of the Arche, showed their view on problems like unity, plurality, identity and difference. A perception that at first was seen as stability of the Arche thought of the time. In fact, this stability of the Arche thought of the time was the meaning of the principle of the identity. Their attempt to interpret of the world without logical notion of the principle discern lead finally to formulate the principle of identity. With this principle which is bestowed with undeniable importance, we understand the Being as beings. We try to understand that what is the Greeks Philosophy? This must be done with the investigation that includes the most famous thinkers. We begin with an introduction.
ali akbar aref; ghassem aref
Volume 9, Issue 36 , January 2014, , Pages 83-98
Abstract
One of the subjects which, despite its importance, has been given less attention as a topic of discussion is the distinctive aspects of substantive perceptions from contingent perceptions, and their method of comparison with different scientific subjects. A subject which, in spite of a simple appearance, ...
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One of the subjects which, despite its importance, has been given less attention as a topic of discussion is the distinctive aspects of substantive perceptions from contingent perceptions, and their method of comparison with different scientific subjects. A subject which, in spite of a simple appearance, has many complexities and its understanding requires much effort and utilization of the experiences of previous scholars. Therefore, the present research has addressed a scientific subject, the Communication Element Theorem, from two different dimensions, that is substantive (philosophical) and contingent (catechistic), and on this path, has made use of the comparative study of two key figures of our age, namely Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabataba’i. We have determined as the basis of the discussion the differentiation between substantive and contingent as the principles of thought of these two notable persons, and based on this differentiation, we have studied and conducted research on Communication Element Theorem, which consists of two dimensions of substantive (the benchmark and reality stage which is the syndetic philosophical existence) and contingent (the verbal and statement of reality stage which is the syndetic meaning).
morteza haj hoseyni
Abstract
The philosophical critiques, in twentieth century, on binary paradigm caused the negation of the law of excluded middle as the same as it caused the establishment of many-valued logics and fuzzy logic, while the laws of excluded middle, identity and contradiction are all fundamental principles of thought ...
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The philosophical critiques, in twentieth century, on binary paradigm caused the negation of the law of excluded middle as the same as it caused the establishment of many-valued logics and fuzzy logic, while the laws of excluded middle, identity and contradiction are all fundamental principles of thought and truth or falsity of each is derived from the truth or falsity of the others. This view point gives rise to some questions as follows: Can we deny these principles and are they fundamental? Otherwise how can we accept the claim of many-valued and fuzzy logicians indicate the negation of the law of excluded middle? Regarding these questions I first show, in this paper, various formulations of those three above laws and then I argue that the inability of binary logic and the necessity of establishment of many-valued logics and fuzzy logic are not in contrary to those three above laws. Besides, it is the connection of the present paper that Aristotle as the first philosopher who has elucidates the laws of contradiction and excluded middle was quite aware of the possibility of ambiguous in some propositions if they contain words which are equivocal. He also appealed to the truth values of both "partially true" and "partially false" to describe those propositions which at some level are vague.
