Pouria Golshenas; Yousef Nozohour
Abstract
In this paper, we attempt to answer this fundamental question that whether is any criterion of truth in Kant’s transcendental philosophy or not? Through analysis of “transcendental deduction”, and referring to Dieter Henrich's interpretation of the background of that term, and Robert ...
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In this paper, we attempt to answer this fundamental question that whether is any criterion of truth in Kant’s transcendental philosophy or not? Through analysis of “transcendental deduction”, and referring to Dieter Henrich's interpretation of the background of that term, and Robert Paul Wolff’s formation of that, we try to illustrate the significance of this part of the first critique for establishing a well-formed and compatible theory of truth in Kant’s philosophy. We claim since Kant believes that knowledge contains judgment and predication, in a word, a process of "synthesis", his theory of truth is a kind of “coherence theory of truth”, although Kant himself, in a famous passage of critique, says the definition of truth is correspondence and also we concede that his coherence theory is a peculiar one. Eventually, in favor of Robert Hanna's reading of Kant’s theory of meaning, we conclude that this theory involves a kind of scepticism, which we call “epistemological scepticism”.
Monireh Naderi; Mohammad Javad Safian; Hossin Ardalani
Abstract
Freud's approach toward understanding art is limited to some factors. He overemphasizes the neural aspects of artistic experience. His analysis of artists, to a great extent, depends on his need to expand and indicate the psychoanalytic theory he was working on. He confessed that he failed to confront ...
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Freud's approach toward understanding art is limited to some factors. He overemphasizes the neural aspects of artistic experience. His analysis of artists, to a great extent, depends on his need to expand and indicate the psychoanalytic theory he was working on. He confessed that he failed to confront art's official and technical aspects, and psychoanalysis has not yet been able to realize the artist's intrinsic "secret" and "mysterious ability" in creating a work of art. Freud investigated the artist's individual unconscious for the origin of creating a work of art. Freud's view of art can be seen as a continuation of the modern aesthetic view of art and at the same time expresses its criticality. We are faced with a different approach to art and the beginning of a work of art. In this approach, Heidegger sees the beginning of the work of art as separate from the artist and his personal life and tries to connect art with the truth. On this basis, he gives a new interpretation of art. This study explored the foundations, components, and assumptions of psychoanalytic interpretation of art. According to Heidegger, one of the places where truth is realized is in art. Moreover, based on Heideggerian thought on art and poetic thought, this study examined the strengths and weaknesses of psychoanalytic interpretation of art and attempted to explore the relationship between art and truth in psychoanalytic interpretation and Heidegger's interpretation of art.
nooshafarin shahsavan; mohammad javad safian; gholamali hatam
Abstract
The relation between Art and Truth in the history of western thought has been proposed since the advent of art theory in the Plato and Aristotle era. In the modern era, philosophers have also considered this relation. We know that there was a great deal of separation by Baumgarten, between Truth and ...
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The relation between Art and Truth in the history of western thought has been proposed since the advent of art theory in the Plato and Aristotle era. In the modern era, philosophers have also considered this relation. We know that there was a great deal of separation by Baumgarten, between Truth and Art with the advent of aesthetics in the modern era, and this separation got determined by Kant. But after him, thinkers such as Hegel tried to think about the relation of art and truth again. Of course, Hegel did not explicitly bring up the relationship between Art and Truth, but he considers Art as an appearance of "manifestations of the absolute" and dignity of its realization. Art is the first demonstration of absolute spirit. "What is the relationship between Art and Truth from Hegel's point of view? What is his perception and comprehension of the Truth? And how does he attempt to overcome the complete separation between Art and Truth (with his dialectics, of course) which has been brought by modern aesthetics?", are the main questions of this paper. The method of this research is the interpretative and content analysis based on the works of Hegel, his commentators, and other philosophers (related to the subject).
Seyyed Masoud Hosseyni Toushmanlouei; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Beheshti
Abstract
The ‘truth’ in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy is a fundamental theme. From the very beginning of his intellectual career, Heidegger attempted to give a more fundamental notion of truth, and during his philosophical activity he took various steps in this regard. However, he never ceased ...
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The ‘truth’ in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy is a fundamental theme. From the very beginning of his intellectual career, Heidegger attempted to give a more fundamental notion of truth, and during his philosophical activity he took various steps in this regard. However, he never ceased from this basic insight that truth is ἀλήθεια (aletheia): the struggle between concealment and disclosure. In addition, Heidegger believes that in Plato’s philosophy, a transformation has emerged in the essence of truth, so that the truth has become Richtigkeit/correctness. According to Heidegger’s view, this transformation is the source of “Seinsvergessenheit/ forgetfulness of being” and this is the source of various forms of subjectivism and nihilism in the modern age. In contrary, Gadamer argued that Plato actually held the fundamental truth of ἀλήθεια, and that Heidegger’s view that Plato’s thought would inevitably lead to the oblivion of being and modern subjectivity is not correct. Gadamer has various strategies to prove his point of view. In this article, we will consider the status of the idea of the good in the theory of Ideas and the notion of dialectic in Plato’s Seventh Letter, and we will try to illustrate along with Gadamer that there are possibilities in Plato’s thought that can eradicate him from Heidegger’s critique.
Sayed Ali kalantari
Abstract
On the basis of the normativity of belief thesis, there is a normative relation between belief and its content. The normative relation is typically formulated by a norm which is called "the norm of belief" in the literature such that "one ought to believe that p if and only if p is true" (Shah 2003, ...
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On the basis of the normativity of belief thesis, there is a normative relation between belief and its content. The normative relation is typically formulated by a norm which is called "the norm of belief" in the literature such that "one ought to believe that p if and only if p is true" (Shah 2003, 2009). My focus in this paper, concerns an argument regarding the normativity of belief thesis which is called "the no norm argument" developed by Gluer and Wikforss (2009, 2010, 2013, 2015). On the basis of the argument, Gluer and Wikforss claim that the norm of belief does not have the role of guidance for the act of belief formation. On this ground they conclude the implausibility of the normativity of belief thesis. The key aim of the present paper is to criticize Gluer and Wikforss's claim. To this aim, after considering the normativity of belief thesis, I will specify the scope of actions which is constrained by the norm of belief. After criticizing Gluer and Wikforss's claim, I will end the paper by an analysis of following the norm of belief on the basis of the normativity of belief thesis.
Ruhollah rajabi; Reza Soleiman Heshmat
Abstract
Understanding logic, the possibility of new logics and also recognition (understanding) of grounds of metaphysics entails understanding of the truth of language. Language always recognized as the system of signs and in order to convey thoughts. Heidegger is one of the thinkers who has presented a special ...
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Understanding logic, the possibility of new logics and also recognition (understanding) of grounds of metaphysics entails understanding of the truth of language. Language always recognized as the system of signs and in order to convey thoughts. Heidegger is one of the thinkers who has presented a special thought in this area. In Being and Time, Heidegger recognizes speech as one of the existential characteristics of Dasein and believes that the understanding of being in the world is already unconcealed in speech. Later, Heidegger concentrates on the issue of language more fundamentally and asserts that language is the house of Being and Being unconceals itself in language. Dasein is absorbed in the speech of Being and Being is concealed in the speech of Dasein. Dasein can approach the truth of language in Angst. The speech of Being, is the ground of the language of the great thinkers and poets which renders the ground of the history of a people.
ghodratollah ghorbani
Abstract
The importance of modernity is because of man's place as the axis of all beings and existents like God and the World, and they get their meaning and validity in the light of him. Although man has reason and freedom and he is the noble master of all creatures, in the meanwhile, he has many defects in ...
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The importance of modernity is because of man's place as the axis of all beings and existents like God and the World, and they get their meaning and validity in the light of him. Although man has reason and freedom and he is the noble master of all creatures, in the meanwhile, he has many defects in his existence, and his accomplishments have been gradually increased during the centuries. Hence, we can say that man actually and absolutely does not have any perfection, and he cannot get his achievements perfectly. However, with changing in the relationship between man, God, and the world during the modernity age, the whole of man's approaches to God and the world changed, and this brings about some basic problems and crises. In this process, man gained and acquired a kind of genuineness and principality towards God and the existents of world that their place and importance, especially divine truths like God, were defined in the light of human epistemic abilities and their validity were depended on human knowledge. Hence, the place of divine truths was lowered to the limits of human understanding, which I call it the humanization of divine truths. On the other hand, because of his weakness for understanding the divine truths, man has gradually put them aside from his philosophical thought, and has recognized them meaningless. In the meanwhile, he has tried to understand the empirical world and its managing without considering what is beyond it. I call this demystification of the existents by the other areas such as ethics, politics, and even science, which all of them have been depended on the human being. Consequently, certainty and truth became humanistic, that is, man became as the axis of certainty and truth, which the most important result of that is the relativity of certainty and its restriction to human knowledge, will, and ability. This paper tries to discuss the above subjects, considering some of the important thinkers of modern and postmodern philosophy like as Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche, Sartre, and Heidegger. It also attempts to show that although Heidegger complained to subjectivism and modernistic approach of truth, his effort to redefine truth and certainty was not successful and could not rescue it from a crisis. That is because he could not go beyond human understanding to reach a holy and absolute certainty and truth, while – according to this paper – the only real way is paying attention to divine certainty, revelation, and God.
reza dehghani; hoseyn kalbasi ashtar
Abstract
One of the main themes in Heidegger’s thought is the genesis of metaphysics. This matter plays a significant role in the fundamental question in the so-called Turn period. In this paper, we will concern about three approaches to the genesis of metaphysics in the mentioned period. Heidegger discusses ...
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One of the main themes in Heidegger’s thought is the genesis of metaphysics. This matter plays a significant role in the fundamental question in the so-called Turn period. In this paper, we will concern about three approaches to the genesis of metaphysics in the mentioned period. Heidegger discusses these three approaches in his three different works: Kant and the problem of metaphysics; What is metaphysics? and Plato’s Doctrine of Truth. In Kant and the problem of metaphysics, he indicates a special interpretation of Kant's views according to the notion of "transcendence". In what is metaphysics? Heidegger discusses the issue through the concepts of "nothingness" and "angst", and in Plato’s Doctrine of Truth, he continues the issue via the interpretation of the "Cave Allegory". Although the released times of these three books is so proximate, Heidegger seeks the foundation of metaphysics in them through completely different approaches. In the first and second book, along with Kant’s project, he attempts to find a foundation for metaphysics through the concept of "Dasein". But in the latter book, Heidegger is in the pursuit of transition from metaphysics and calls metaphysics "forgetting of being". He explains that Plato's introducing "Ideas Theory" is an origin of metaphysics and a departure point from being and forgetting it. In this essay, proposing a general approach, we try to explain the mentioned three approaches and their similarities and differences.
ahmad ali heydari
Abstract
In this paper, it is tried to consider the characteristics of the artistic understanding and to propound a proper answer to the question that “what is the art?” Since, this answer involves the element of value, the status of this element in the views of thinkers such Kant, Hegel, Adorno and ...
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In this paper, it is tried to consider the characteristics of the artistic understanding and to propound a proper answer to the question that “what is the art?” Since, this answer involves the element of value, the status of this element in the views of thinkers such Kant, Hegel, Adorno and Heidegger are considered. The main conclusion of the paper is that Heidegger’s artistic conception enjoy characteristics relying on which we can prepare an area for conjoining different philosophical views about the value of the art and the works of art that gathering them together may seem very problematical.
ali karbasi zadeh
Abstract
From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy ...
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From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy from a new perspective for the first time. Nietzsche criticized the fundamental presuppositions of metaphysical systems, and believed that the essence of philosophy is nihilistic in itself, and so its time has been come to an end. He declared that philosophy is an untimely and extraordinary expression, and claimed that his own works deserve to be called "philosophy"; hence, he named himself not a poet, scientist, or psychologist, but a "philosopher". Nietzsche divided the philosophers into two groups: the masters who create values, and the slaves who love and seek for knowledge and truth. He confessed that he belongs to the first group, and distinguished himself such as "the future philosopher" and his philosophy a heritage to the futurities.
Kathleen Haney
Abstract
The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative ...
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The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative reason trumpeted by po-mo thinkers need not result in the end of the proiect ef rationality. Rather, rethinking the philosophic tradition in a radical fashion leads to greater inclusion ef other perspectives andfaculties and more possibilities far reasoning together in the search for truth.
Kathleen Haney
Abstract
The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative ...
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The challenge to re-think Post-Modernity opens up if we see modernity in the light ef the phenomenological reduction. 5uspending belief in the central tenets of Modern Philosopf?y discloses that the so-called post• modernist pbilosopby mere!J extends the earlier projec: The failure o] calculative reason trumpeted by po-mo thinkers need not result in the end of the proiect ef rationality. Rather, rethinking the philosophic tradition in a radical fashion leads to greater inclusion ef other perspectives andfaculties and more possibilities far reasoning together in the search for truth.
Mohammad mehdi Ardebili
Abstract
What is the Truth in Nietzsche’s philosophy? This is the main problem of the present article, in the light of which an attempt has been made, within the framework of the requirements and limitations of this article, to provide an introduction to the discussion of presenting a monistic-idealistic-dynamic ...
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What is the Truth in Nietzsche’s philosophy? This is the main problem of the present article, in the light of which an attempt has been made, within the framework of the requirements and limitations of this article, to provide an introduction to the discussion of presenting a monistic-idealistic-dynamic conception of Nietzsche. In this regard, first of all, as the introduction, the crisis facing any form of Nietzschean research will be briefly mentioned in order to provide possibilities for formulating the main idea of the article. Then, focusing on Nietzsche's various functions of truth and his dualistic (negative/positive or critical/supportive) encounter with this concept, we will address his main critiques of truth in three ways: 1. Critique of dualism; 2. Critique of essentialism; and 3. Criticism of stability. Finally, with the help of the results of these discussions, a preliminary outline of Nietzsche's monistic-idealistic-dynamic conception will be drawn at the end of the article.
