نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه دانشگاه خاتم

2 دانشیار فلسفه، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی_تحلیلی است و به بیان استدلال‌های جاودانگی نفس و تناسخ در فایدون و وجه تشابه و تفاوت آن‌ها با آموزه‌های اورفئوسی و فیثاغوری پرداخته‌می‌شود. در خصوص نحوه تأثیرپذیری افلاطون از این سنن، اختلاف‌نظر وجود دارد. برخی از مفسران معتقدند که افلاطون در بیان آموزه‌های فرجام‌شناختی خود تحت‌ تأثیر اندیشه‌ی اورفئوسی‌ بوده و برخی دیگر آن‌ها را متأثر از فیثاغوریان دانسته‌اند. تناسخ مهم‌ترین آموزه فرجام‌شناختی‌ست که در مورد منشأ آن اختلاف‌نظر بسیار وجود دارد و برخی استدلال‌های افلاطون نیز مبتنی بر آن است. این آموزه پرسش‌هایی را در پی دارد، ازجمله اینکه میان رهایی از چرخه تناسخ و الوهیت روح چه ارتباطی وجود دارد؟ و شرط ضروری این الوهیت چیست؟ در این مقاله در ضمن بیان و تحلیل استدلال‌های افلاطون بر پایه تفکرات فرجام‌شناختی اورفئوسی‌ و فیثاغوری، به این پرسش‌ها و به بیان موضع خود در باب نحوه و میزان تأثیرپذیری افلاطون از آن‌ها می‌پردازیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Influence of Orpheusian and Pythagorean Thinking on the Reincarnation and Immortality of the Soul in Phaedo

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeede Mohamadzade 1
  • Mohammadreza Beheshti 2

1 PhD student of philosophy at Khatam University Phd student

2 Associate Professor, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and it is discussed to express the arguments of the immortality of the soul and reincarnation in Phaedo and their similarities and differences with Orpheusian and Pythagorean doctrines. There is a difference of opinion regarding how Plato was influenced by these traditions. Some commentators believe that Plato was influenced by Orpheusian thought in expressing his eschatological teachings, and others considered them to be influenced by the Pythagoreans. Reincarnation is the most important eschatological doctrine, which has many disagreements about its origin, and some of Plato's arguments are based on it. This doctrine raises questions, such as what is the connection between liberation from the cycle of reincarnation and the divinity of the soul? In addition, what is the necessary condition of this divinity? In this article, while expressing and analyzing Plato's arguments based on Orpheusian and Pythagorean eschatological thinking, we address these questions and express our position regarding how and how they influenced much Plato.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phaedon
  • Immortality of the Soul
  • Reincarnation
  • Orpheus Religion
  • Pythagoreans
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