Wisdom And Philosophy

Examining the Idea of Time based on the Opinions of Gilles Deleuze in the Iranian Cinema of the 90s (with Case Analysis of Movies: Fish and Cat, Enter the Dragon! and The Ridiculous)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

raouf sarbakhsh 1
reza sarbakhsh 2

1 Tarbiat Modares University

2 Doctoral student of Sedavasima University

https://doi.org/10.22054/wph.2023.56156.1912
Abstract
Gilles Deleuze can undoubtedly be considered one of the most important philosophers and theorists of cinema. In the 1980s, Deleuze wrote two volumes of cinema books, which established the main directions of cinema philosophy as a separate discipline in the university. Among different philosophers, Bergson has the most influence on Deleuze's theories. Both of them believe that time is not linear and quantitative but qualitative and non-local. The extension of this philosophy led to the formation of the chronology as the main basis of time and cinema in Deleuze's works. In the first volume of his book, Deleuze deals with movement-oriented classical cinema and in the second volume with time-oriented modern works. Time is the central element of Deleuze's modern narratives, dividing images into temporal mirrors and crystals. Deleuze strongly believed in the simultaneity of non-linear times and events in modern works. In recent years, modern Iranian cinema has turned more and more to Deleuze's philosophy and many time elements can be seen in various works. This research comes with Deleuze's modern cinema theories by examining the films of Fish and Cat made by Shahram Makri, Dragon! The work of Mani Haghighi and Homayoun Ghanizadeh's mockumentary comes to the conclusion that the filmmakers of the younger generation of Iran became more interested in non-linear events with tools such as retrospective and forward-looking, as well as the association of past, present and future times in one scene. In the meantime, Makri is strongly influenced by the time period and Mani Haghighi, as a philosophy student, borrows many elements from Deleuze in his works.

Keywords

Deleuze
Bergson
Philosophy
Dirand
Iranian Cinema
Crystal Zaman
Mani Haghighi
Shahram Makri
Homayun Ghanizadeh
Subjects
Bergson, Henri. (1998). Creative Evolution, Translated by Arthur Mitchell, New York: Dover Publications.
Colebrook, Claire. (2006). Deleuze, a Guide for the Perplexed, Continuum, University of Minnesota Press, London and New York. [In English].
Deleuze, Gilles. (1986). Cinema 1; the Movement-Image, Translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, the Athlon Press, London.
Deleuze, Gilles. (1989). Cinema 2; the Time-Image, Translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Robert Gatela, the Athlon Press, London.
Deleuze, Gilles. (1991), Bergsonism, Translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, Zone Books, New York.
Deleuze, Gilles. (1994) Difference and Repetition, Translated by Paul. R. Patton, Columbia university of Chicago, Chicago.
Rancière, Jacques. (2006). Film Fables, Translated by Emiliano Battista, Berg Publishers.
Reader, Keith. (1987). Intellectuals and the Left in France since 1968, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Wisdom And Philosophy
Volume 19, Issue 74
Spring 2023
Pages 119-145

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