Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Philosophy student of University of TehranUniversity of Tehran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy,
Abstract
Bergson's philosophy has been considered sometimes as a flatly dualistic philosophy and sometimes as a profoundly monistic one. Each of these interpretations was, however, formed at the expense of neglecting certain notions and explicit positions of him. In addition, there are others who have tried to formulate a third conciliatory reading. But these last readings, instead of solving the difficulties, have paradoxically multiplied them. Indeed, they reduce Bergsonian philosophy either to a philosophy based on a sort of Pantheism (let’s say Pan-durationism), or to a type of Dialectical Philosophy. By introducing the notion of ‘difference’, Gilles Deleuze offers an interpretation of Bergsonian philosophy according to which it is made up of different moments of dualism and monism. At each of these moments, duration 'expresses' itself differently': from an 'absolute dualism' to a 'rediscovered dualism' passing through a 'virtual monism'. By trying to highlight the essential difference of this interpretation centered around the notion of ‘difference’, and by attempting to formulate and explain the relationships between the different moments of Bergsonian philosophy according to Deleuze, we aim to explain rather the implicit logic of the passage from an absolute monism to a rediscovered dualism by emphasizing on the notion of 'difference ', a deeply Deleuzian notion and yet devoid of an explicit and determined status in the Bergsonian studies of Deleuze. Our purpose, moreover, consists in highlighting the three expressions of duration according to the three aspects of difference: duration as the pure according to the 'difference in nature', duration as the encompassing according to the 'intensive difference' and duration as the producer according to the 'difference in itself'.
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