Comparative-Critical Review of the Views of Ibn Sina, Fakhr Razi, and Mulla Sadra about the Occurrence and Step of Nature

Khoshnevisan, Maryam; Taheri, Seyed Sadruddin; Abbasi, Babak

doi:10.22054/wph.2022.66805.2058

Comparative-Critical Review of the Views of Ibn Sina, Fakhr Razi, and Mulla Sadra about the Occurrence and Step of Nature

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

maryam khoshnevisan ¹

Seyed Sadruddin Taheri ²

Babak Abbasi ³

¹ Ph.D. Student in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Professor of Philosophy, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/wph.2022.66805.2058

Abstract

In this article, after the precise statement of the topic and purpose of occurrence and progress, Ibn Sina's, Fakhr Razi's, and Sadr al-Mutalahin Shirazi's views on the occurrence or time step of the natural world have been presented and critically analyzed. According to the historical order, Ibn Sina's opinion based on the antiquity of nature, and a reason for it, based on the natural-philosophical rule, "every event is preceded by matter and duration" is established. Then, the criticisms of Ghazali and Fakhr Razi, which are similar to each other, and Khwaja Tusi's response to Fakhr Razi's criticism are presented, and, in the continuation, the opinion of Mullasadra, which agrees with Ibn Sina, is narrated. In the following, a reference was made to Mulla Sadra's special opinion about the temporal occurrence of nature based on intrinsic movement, and it was pointed out that this opinion can be summed up with any occurrence or step of nature. Then, two side problems related to the discussion: the infinite sequence of equipment and the specific problem of entities, have been raised and resolved. The summary and conclusion of the article are also given at the end and, in the conclusion, the theologian's opinion regarding the temporal occurrence of nature is ambiguous and inefficient, and the opinion of philosophers is preferred over nature's step.

Keywords

Occurrence. Age. Obedience Sequence of Equipment. A Matter Move. Time. Talent Actuality Determinant

Ebrahimi Dinani, Gholamhossein. (2019). General Philosophical Rules in Islamic Philosophy, Volume 1, Philosophy Society, Tehran. [in Persian]

Ghazali, Muhammad, Imam, Abu Hamid, Hojjat al-Islam. (1962). Tahaft al-Falasafah, research and introduction by Father Maurice Boyej Elisouei and Majid Fakhri, Al-Matabah al-Kathtolikiyeh, Beirut.

Ibn Sina, Hossein bin Abdullah Abu Ali. (2005). Hajja al-Haq and Fakhr Razi, Mohammad bin Omar, Imam, Sharh al-Isharat wa al-Tanbihat, Vol. 2, edited by Najafzadeh, Alireza, under the supervision of Mohaghegh, Mahdi, University of Tehran and the International Center for the Dialogue of Civilizations and the Association of Cultural Artifacts and Honors, Tehran. [in Persian]

Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah, Abu Ali. (1999). Hajjah al-Haq and Nasir al-Din Tusi, Khwaja, Sharh al-Isharat wa al-Tanbihat, Vol.

Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah, Abu Ali. (1984). Hajjah al-Haq, al-Shifa, al-Ilahyat, research and presentation by Ibrahim Madkoor, corrected by Saeed Zayed and Abb Qanawati, Nasser Khosro, Tehran. [in Persian]

Sabzevari, Malahadi, Hakim. (1992). Gharar al-Faraed, Hassanzadeh Amoli's teaching and annotation, presented and researched by Masoud Talebi, Vol. 1/2, Nab Publication, Tehran. [in Persian]

Shirazi, Mohammad bin Ebrahim Qawami, Sadr al-Mutalahin, Mulla Sadra. (2002). Al-Mubadad and Ma'ad, proofreading, introduction and research: Mohammad Zabihi and Jafar Shah Nazari, with the honor of Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei, Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, Tehran. [in Persian]

Shirazi, Mohammad bin Ebrahim Qawami, Sadr al-Mutalahin, Mulla Sadra. (2001). Al-Hikma al-Muttaaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Quradh, vol. 2, corrected by Maqsood Mohammadi, with the authority of Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei, Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, Tehran. [in Persian]

Shirazi, Mohammad bin Ebrahim Qawami, Sadr al-Mutalahin, Mulla Sadra. (2003). Theological Commentaries of Shafa, vol. 2, edited and introduced by Najafaqli Habibi, with Sayyid Mohammad Khamenei, Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, Tehran. [in Persian]

Shirazi, Mohammad bin Ebrahim Qawami, Sadr al-Mutalahin, Mulla Sadra. (1999). Risalah fi Ḥaḥād al-alām, edited by Seyyed Hossein Mousaviyan, with the honor of Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei, Sadra Islamic Hikmat Foundation, Tehran. [in Persian]

Shirazi, Mohammad bin Ebrahim Qawami, Sadr al-Mutalahin, Mulla Sadra and Javadi Amoli Abdullah. (2014). Rahiq Makhtoum, vol. 11, Sharh al-Hikma al-Mutta'aliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Al-Freath, the first part of vol. 3, Nash Isra, second edition, Qom.

Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Allameh and Ali Shirvani. (1397 AH). Translation and description of Badaya al-Hikmah, vol. 2, second edition, 17th edition, Bostan Ketab, Qom.

Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Allameh and Misbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi. (1984). Nahayah al-Hikmah and Havashi, Vol. 1, Al-Zahra Publications, Tehran. [in Persian]

Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Allameh and Misbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi. (1988). Nahayah al-Hikmah and Havashi, Vol. 2, Al-Zahra Publications, Tehran. [in Persian]

Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan, Nasir al-Din, Khwaja and Hali, Jamal al-Din Hassan bin Yusuf bin Ali bin Motahar, Allameh. (2001). Kashf al-Murad fi Sharh Tajrid al-Itqad, Commentary: Ali Mohammadi, Qom, Dar al-Fikr, 4th edition, 1378 AH - Khorsandi Publishing House, Tehran. [in Persian]‌

‌‌