Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Faculty Member of Research Institute of Hawzah and University, Qom, Iran

Abstract

According to Aristotle, there was a popular theory in ancient Greece according to which "unity" was considered an independent substance that has a causal role in relation to other substances. Aristotle tried to reject that theory by stating that “one” is a "predicate" and also referring to the corrupt result. This theory and Aristotle's critiques of it came to the attention of Ibn Sina, and he, unlike Aristotle, did not confine himself to simply considering the "one" as the “predicate”. In the Ketab al-Nijat, he tried, through three arguments, to prove the “one” is an indispensable accident and is the source of the derivation of "unity." Ibn Sina's arguments are distorted in many ways, but the most important drawback of his argument is the confusion of categorical and analytical propositions, and the acceptance of the predicate of the one and by accepting the predicate of the “one” and its non-separation from the subject, it is not possible to prove “unity” is an "accident", in contrast to the substance, and thus negate the causality of the one in relation to the substances.

Keywords

Aristotle (2011). Metaphysics, translated by Mohammad Hasan Lotfi, Tehran, Tarhe No. [in Persian]
Baghdadi, Saad bin Mansour bin Kamuneh. (1981). Al-Jadeed fi al-Hikmah, research by Hamid Muraid al-Kabisi, Baghdad: Baghdad University.
Bahmanyar (1955). Graduated, corrected and suspended by professor Shahid Morteza Motahari, second edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press. [in Persian]
Capleston, Frederick. (2001). History of Philosophy, translated by Seyyed Jalaluddin Mojtaboi, Tehran, Soroush. [in Persian]
Esfraini, Fakhreddin. (2004). Commentary on Ibn Sina's Al-Najat book (section of theology), corrected by Hamed Naji Esfahani, Association of Cultural Artifacts and Honors.
Esmaili, Masoud. (2010). Sani Philosofi, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
Farabi, Abu Nasr. (1986). Al-Haruf book, introduction and research and suspension by Mohsen Mehdi, Beirut, Darul Mashreq.
Gorgani, Mir Seyed Sharif. (1946). Commentary on positions, corrected by Badr al-Din Nasani, al-Sharif al-Razi.
Ibn Rushd (1998). Tafsir ma after nature, Tehran, Hekmat. [in Persian]
Ibn Rushd (1998). Summary of our book After Nature, research and introduction by Dr. Osman Amin, Tehran, Hekmat. [in Persian]
Ibn Rushd (1993). Tahaft al-Tahaft, introduction and suspension by Mohammad Al-Araibi, Beirut, Dar al-Fekr. [in Persian]
Ibn Sina. (1994). Al-Mabaharat, Qom, Bidarfar. [in Persian]
Ibn Sina. (2000), Al-Najat Man Al-Gharq Fi Bahr Al-Dilalat, Tehran, University of Tehran. [in Persian]
Ibn Sina. (1983). Al-Shifa (Theology), researched by Saeed Zayed and..., Qom, School of Ayatollah Al-Marashi.
Ibn Sina. (1983). Al-Taliqat, research by Abd al-Rahman Badawi, Beirut, Al-Alam al-Islami school.
Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah. (1983). Al-Shifa (Al-Matiq) Kitab al-Maqulat, researched by Saeed Zayed and..., Qom, School of Ayatollah Al-Marashi.
Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah. (1983). Al-Shifa (Al-Tabiiyat) Book of Al-Samaa-Tabi'i, researched by Saeed Zayed and..., Qom, School of Ayatollah Al-Marashi.
Katebi, Najmuddin. (1974). Hakmah al-Ain and commentary, introduction and correction by Jafar Zahedi, Mashhad, Ferdowsi University Press.
Kennedy, Yaqub Ibn Ishaq. (n.d). Al-Kandi's Philosophical Treatises, revised by Muhammad Abu Rideh, Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi.
Lokeri, Abul Abbas. (1994). Bayan al-Haq by Zaman al-Sadegh, Tehran, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization.
Misbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi. (2008). Description of the theology of healing, researched and written by Abdul Javad Ebrahimifar, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute.
Mustafavi, Seyyed Hassan. (2013). Salvation Theology, by Hossein Kalbasi, Tehran, Research Institute of Human Sciences and Cultural Studies. [in Persian]
Mustafavi, Seyyed Hassan. (2016), symptoms and complaints in Ibn Sina's philosophy, Tehran, Imam Sadiq University. [in Persian]
Razi Varamini, Qutbuddin. (1955). Al-Mahakamat between Sharh al-Isharat, in the same Tusi, Khwaja Nasir al-Din, Sharh al-Asharat and al-Tanbihat with al-Mahakamat, Qom, Nash al-Balagha.
Razi, Fakhreddin Mohammad. (1990). Al-Mabahari Al-Mashrekhi in theology and natural sciences, Qom, Bidar Publications.
Razi, Fakhreddin. (1990). Al-Mahsal, research by Dr. Atay, Dar al-Razi, Oman.
Razi, Fakhreddin. (1986). Al-Arbain fi Asul al-Din, Cairo, Al-Azhariya Al-Kuliyat School.
Suhravardi, Shahabuddin. (1955). Collection of works of Sheikh Eshraq, Tehran, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research. [in Persian]
Shirazi, Sadruddin Mohammad. (1941). Al-Shawahid al-Rabbiyyah fi al-Manahaj al-Salukiyya, revised and revised by Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashtiani, Mashhad: Al-Maqruz al-Jami'i Llansher.
Shirazi, Sadruddin Mohammad. (2012). "Commentaries of Sadr al-Mut'alhin on the description of wisdom of enlightenment", in Qutb al-Din Shirazi, Mahmoud bin Masoud, description of wisdom of enlightenment, edited by Najafaqli Habibi and Hossein Zia'i Torbati, Tehran: Islamic Foundation of Sadra. [in Persian]
Shirazi, Sadruddin Mohammad. (1981). Al-Hikma al-Muttaaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Araba al-Aqli, Beirut: Dar Ihaya al-Trath.
Shirazi, Sadruddin Mohammad. (n.d.). Al-Hashiya Ali Al-Hiyat al-Shifa, Qom, Bidar.
Shirazi, Qutbuddin. (1990). Darrat Al-Taj, edited by Seyyed Mohammad Mashkowa, Tehran, Hekmat. [in Persian]
Tusi, Khwajeh Nasiruddin. (1955). Sharh Al-Isharat and Al-Tanbihat with the Courts, Qom, Nash al-Balagha.
Tusi, Khwajeh Nasiruddin. (1984). Takhisis al-Mashul al-Ma'roof, known as "Naqd al-Mashul", Beirut, Dar al-Dawa.
Tusi, Khwajeh Nasiruddin. (1986). Tajrid al-Itqad, corrected by Hosseini-Jalali, Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office.
Taftazani, Saaduddin. (1988). Sharh al-Maqasid, introduction and research and conclusion of Abd al-Rahman Umira, Qom: Al-Sharif al-Razi.