Seyedeh Massoumeh Mousavi
Abstract
The concept of freedom is one of the most central concepts in Kant’s Philosophy which has a critical role in both theoretical and practical reason. Some interpreters believe that agency and spontaneity of reason in theoretical knowledge is another expression of autonomy and freedom. In another ...
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The concept of freedom is one of the most central concepts in Kant’s Philosophy which has a critical role in both theoretical and practical reason. Some interpreters believe that agency and spontaneity of reason in theoretical knowledge is another expression of autonomy and freedom. In another hand, freedom plays a central part in practical reason too. In fact, practical reason as a will that determines itself abstracted from the casual system of nature is nothing but freedom. But there is a challenge that this fundamental concept in Kant’s philosophy encounter. This challenge in Hegelian terms is that this freedom is just “Transcendental”; it means this freedom is abstracted and cut of reality and Kant never succeed in proving this fundamental concept of his philosophy and just supposed it Transcendentally, as something needed for establishing his philosophy. In this article, we first try to explain the challenge and then critique the possibility of solving it by focusing on Kant’s writings on History. So, in the introduction part, we explain the critique of Transcendentalism in the concept of freedom. Then, we try to show how Kant in the philosophy of history tried to find a way out of the Transcendental grasp of freedom and shows that freedom is an actuality that appears in history. In conclusion, we critique the sufficiency of our reading and this suggested solution.
Zakieh Azadani; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Beheshti
Abstract
The question of freedom has been one of the most famous and also most important issues in the history of philosophy. But Heidegger's approach to this question is privileged and outstanding. This article tries to convey the idea of freedom in three phases of Heidegger's thought, on the basis of three ...
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The question of freedom has been one of the most famous and also most important issues in the history of philosophy. But Heidegger's approach to this question is privileged and outstanding. This article tries to convey the idea of freedom in three phases of Heidegger's thought, on the basis of three important concepts: human being, world and Being. If the question of freedom in Being and Time concentrates on the concept of Dasein and his returning to himself as the pure possibility, in the writings between the years 1928 to 1931, the idea of transcendental freedom is posed in relation to the concept of the world. Here, freedom as the ground of every grounding, let Dasein connect the beings as a whole and build a world. Finally, since 1931, the question of freedom tied to the issue of Being and became the fundamental condition of unconcealment as the truth of Being.
