Seyed Ali Kalantari; amir karbasizadeh
Abstract
In this paper we will consider the idea of logical pluralism with emphasis on Beall and Restall's (2006) account of pluralism. We begin by specification of logical exclusivism, logical relativism and different accounts of logical pluralism and their difference with Beall and Restall's account of logical ...
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In this paper we will consider the idea of logical pluralism with emphasis on Beall and Restall's (2006) account of pluralism. We begin by specification of logical exclusivism, logical relativism and different accounts of logical pluralism and their difference with Beall and Restall's account of logical pluralism. We show that Beall and Restall believe in a kind of semantic logical pluralism according to which there are different plausible interpretations of the "case" in Traski's definition of validity. On the other hand, they also believe the so-called idea of normativity of logic. According to the idea, the notion of logical validity has normative implications for evaluation of arguments in natural language. Our key claim is that the latter claim undermines Beall and Restall's logical pluralism, that is, the normativity of logic collapses their logical pluralism into logical exclusivism. The study of different formulations of the normativity of logic is less considered on debates relating to logical pluralism. Along with considering logical normativity, we will criticize Beall and Restall's pluralism.
Soheila mansourian; amir nasri
Abstract
In Baudrillard’s view, the post-modern approach - with the dominance of codes, signs and replacing production with consumption in people’s daily life - has started a new process, which has not only resulted in the failure of contemporary man’s motto of individuality and developing opportunities ...
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In Baudrillard’s view, the post-modern approach - with the dominance of codes, signs and replacing production with consumption in people’s daily life - has started a new process, which has not only resulted in the failure of contemporary man’s motto of individuality and developing opportunities for presenting his demands, but also, in this atmosphere, which is saturated with signs from media; art, politics, religion and economics, as separate and concrete areas, have lost their outer reality and have disappeared in the horizon of media’s dominance together with the concept of subject. According to Baudrillard, this approach is in the shape of game and is made up of general concept of art. With this difference, that art is no longer defined as a realm separate from politics, religion and economics, art is, in a general sense, transmuted into a style and method, in light of which, ugly and beautiful, good and bad, right and wrong are departed from their references (authorities) such as ethics, religion, economics and work of art and pass out in the end of the route together with the concept of subject.
