Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of Philosophy of Art, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant of Philosophy of Art, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Whenever it is said there is no truth in place, this question comes up as to whether the truth itself does exist or not? Two answers are offered for this question. First, there is no truth other than the truth that there is no truth (modern nihilism). Secondly, there is no truth even the truth that there is no truth (postmodern nihilism). This paper aims at exploring the second answer by presenting examples of the claim in postmodernism. While pluralism states that there is no absolute truth, nihilism asserts that there is absolutely no truth and that the same truth is not true as well. Hence, postmodern nihilism is self-contradictory based on its realistic interpretations and self-reflective based on its nihilistic interpretations. Post-structuralism is nihilist from the epistemological perspectives because it claims that no cognizance can be generalized and adjusted to the world but it is probably not nihilist in terms of semiotics because it does not deny the principle of implication. Deconstruction is nihilistic and devastative for the authorship-oriented person exercising centralism. Post-colonial nihilism is also indicative of the destruction and disapproval of the identity of the colonialized lands as well as reflective of the denial of the identity of the minority races like the black. Gender nihilism engages in denial of gender and queer nihilism denies any sort of sexual, gender, and identity normality.

Keywords

برتنس، هانس. (1394). مبانی نظریة ادبی (ترجمة محمدرضا ابوالقاسمی). تهران: ماهی (چاپ اصلی اثر در 2001).
بودریار، ژان. (1393). در سایة اکثریت خاموش (ترجمة پیام یزدانجو). تهران: مرکز (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1978).
_____ (1397). وانموده­ها و وانمود (ترجمة پیروز ایزدی). تهران: ثالث (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1981).
دریدا، ژاک. (1390). ساختار، نشانه و بازی در گفت­مان علوم انسانی در به­سوی پسامدرن (ترجمة پیام یزدانجو). تهران: نی (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1966).
_____ (1396). نوشتار و تفاوت. (ترجمة عبدالکریم رشیدیان). تهران: نی (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1967).
زاهد، فیاض. (1392). پست‌مدرنیسم و تأثیر نیهیلیسم بر آن. پژوهش‌هایمعرفت‌شناختی 2(5). 103-124.
سیکسو، الن. (1390). برآشوبی­ها، در به‌سوی پسامدرن (ترجمة پیام یزدانجو). تهران: مرکز. (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1975).
کریچلی، سایمون. (1397). خیلی کم... تقریبا هیچ: مرگ، فلسفه، ادبیات (ترجمة لیلا کوچک­منش). تهران: نی. (چاپ اصلی اثر در 2004).
لیوتار، ژان­فرانسوا. (1395). وضعیت پست­مدرن (ترجمة حسینعلی نوذری). تهران: گام نو. (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1979).
وونگات جونیور، کورت. (1391). گهواره گربه (ترجمة مهتاب کلانتری و منصوره وفایی). تهران: ثالث. (چاپ اصلی اثر در 1963).
Aharony, M. (2014). Nihilism and antisemitism: the reception of Céline's Journey to the End of the Night in Israel. The Journal of Theory and Practice, 19(1). 111-132. doi: 10.1080/ 13642529.2014.913936.
Ann Doane, M. (1999). Caught and Rebecca: The Inscription of Femininity as Absence. in Feminist film theory: a reader (Thornham, S.). Edinburgh: EdinburghUniversity Press.
Azam, A. (2014). Orientalism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness: An Influential Tool of Representing the Non-Europeans as Subjugated Entities in Literature. Language in India. 14(1). 34-60.
Bousquet, A. (2016). Ernst Junger and the problem of Nihilism in the age of total war. Thesis Eleven. 132(1).
Benso, S. & Schroeder, B. (2010). Between nihilism and politics: the hermeneutics of Gianni Vattimo. Albany: StateUniversity of New York Press.
Berger, J. (1999). After the End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse. Utopian Studies, 11 (1), 146-147.
_______ (2000). Twentieth-Century Apocalypse: Forecasts and Aftermaths. Literature and Apocalypse. 46(4). 387-395.
Carr, K. (1992). The banalization of nihilism: twentieth-century responses to meaninglessness. Albany: StateUniversity of New York Press.
Cristante, N, (2016). “How about reconstructing orientalism?”: A summary and overview of Edward Said’s saturated criticism. Journal of Faculty of Political Science, 54. 103-127.
Crosby, D. (1998). Nihilism. In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 19 Oct. 2019, from https://rep.routledge.com/ articles/thematic/nihilism/v-1. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-N037-1
Diken, B. (2009). Nihilism. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon New York, Routledge.
Escalante, A. (2015). Gender Nihilism: An Anti-Manifesto. Retrieved 19 Oct. 2019, from http://libcom.org/library/gender-nihilism-anti-manifesto.
Gleede, Benjamin (2012). “Creatio ex nihilo” – a genuinely philosophical insight derived from Plato and Aristotle? Some notes on the treatise on the harmony between the two sages. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy. 22(1): 91-117. DOI: 10.1017/S0957423911000117
Heim, L. (2018). Digital Literature Review. 5. Muncie: BallStateUniversity.
Hoogestraat, J. & Glasby, H. (2019). A Dialogue on the Constructions of GLBT and Queer Ethos: “I Belong to a Culture That Includes …”. Humanities. 8(97). doi: 10.3390/h8020097.
Marinucci, L. (2015). A conversation and a letter. Heidegger, Derrida, and the (un)translatable East. Open Linguistics. 1(1). doi: 10.1515/opli-2015-0017.
Mortson, D.D. (2004). Neither nihilism nor absolutism: on comparing the middle paths of Nāgārjuna and Derrida. (Master's dissertation, McGillUniversity, Montreal, US). Retrieved from http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/ R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id= 83133&silo_library=GEN01.
Nietzsche, F. (1901). Der Wille zur Macht. Auf der Grundlage der Digitalen Kritischen Gesamtausgabe. Retrieved from nietzsche.ralfj.de.
___________ (2000). Die Geburt der Tragodie aus dem Geiste der Musik. Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag. (First published in 1872).
Piantato, G. (2016). How has queer theory influenced the ways we think about gender?. Working Paper of Public Health, 5(1). doi: 10.4081/wpph.2016.6948.
Pound, M. (2008). Žižek: a (very) critical introduction. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans.
Pratt, A. (2019). Nihilism. In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/nihilism/.
Price, C., Chanchan, D., Wheeler, C., Seip, N., & Rush, J. (Eds.). (2019). At the Intersections: A collaborative report on LGBTQ youth homelessness. Retrieved from https://truecolorsunited.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-At-the-Intersections-True-Colors-United.pdf.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
Slocombe, W. (2003). Postmodern Nihilism: Theory and Literature. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK). Retrieved from https://philpapers.org/archive/DWOTMO.
Sosnoski, J. (1992). "Irrationability" and The End of Modernity by Gianni Vattimo. Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature. doi: 16. 10.4148/2334-4415.1305. 
Tartaglia, J. (2016). Philosophy in a meaningless life: a system of nihilism, consciousness, and reality. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Vitale, M., & Clothey, R. (2019). Holocaust Education in Germany: Ensuring relevance and meaning in an increasingly diverse community. FIRE: Forum of International Research in Education. 5(1). 44-62).
Warren, C. (2018). Ontological terror: Blackness, nihilism, and emancipation. Durham: Duke University Press.
Woodward, A. (2009). Nihilism in postmodernity: Lyotard, Baudrillard, Vattimo. Aurora, Colo: Davies Group Publishers.
Žižek, S. (2002). Welcome to the desert of the real!: five essays on 11 September and related dates. LondonNew York: Verso.
_______ (2017). The courage of hopelessness: chronicles of a year of acting dangerously. UK: Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books.