mohammad hadi tavakoli; seyyed sadr-adin taheri
Volume 9, Issue 34 , July 2013, , Pages 7-20
Abstract
After entering the Islamic philosophy, gradation underwent major changes to the point that gradation of existence became replaced with gradation of manifestation in transcendental theosophy as mystical epistemology gave no credit to gradation of existence.
Allameh Tabataba’i not only criticizes ...
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After entering the Islamic philosophy, gradation underwent major changes to the point that gradation of existence became replaced with gradation of manifestation in transcendental theosophy as mystical epistemology gave no credit to gradation of existence.
Allameh Tabataba’i not only criticizes gradation in existence but also suggests some methods for moving from gradation of ranks to gradation of manifestations.
ali akbar nasiri; amir hamze miradi
Abstract
A large portion of discussions about God’s names and attributes is devoted to narrative attributes of God, i.e. divine attributes referred to in the Quran and Hadith. From the early days of Islam, Muslims asked questions as to whether God has limbs similar to other creatures. After the Holy Prophet ...
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A large portion of discussions about God’s names and attributes is devoted to narrative attributes of God, i.e. divine attributes referred to in the Quran and Hadith. From the early days of Islam, Muslims asked questions as to whether God has limbs similar to other creatures. After the Holy Prophet of Islam passed away, the Ummah became divided into different groups holding different views about the narrative attributes of God: Ashā'irah, Karāmiah, and Ekhbāriah who accepted the divine attributes without interpretation and opposed the intervention of reasoning in that (supporters of tashbih); mystics and some philosophers, including Mulla Sadra who believed that God is essentially single and thus Munazzah; still, He reveals Himself through the attributes of creatures, and is, thus, Mushabbah (supporters of tashbih-tanzih) and finally Shiites and Mu’tazilah who interpreted the narrative attributes of God (supporters of ta’vil). The third group holds the right view. This article addresses the principality of existence, gradation and modulation of existence and unity of existence. It is recommended that a new system based on the principality of essence, rejection of congruity, spiritual commonality, and gradation and modulation of existence replace the existential theories of Transcendental Philosophy in order to better explain the theory of pure tanzih.