Man’s Free Will from the Viewpoint of Sadra and Jaspers
farah
ramin
هیئت علمی دانشگاه قم
author
text
article
2010
per
Man’s free will is one of the important issues dealt with by two philosophers: Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin, founder of “transcendent theosophy”, and Jaspers, an atheistic existentialist philosopher. To compare the ideas of these two philosophers, regarding the differences between the basics elements of their thoughts, a cautious approach is necessary. Included among the issues which bring Jasper’s philosophy close to that of Sadra are Jaspers' attention to Man and his emphasis on “soul” or “existence” as the essential part of human being, an element of which is the individual's free will, the definition of “free will”, “will”, and “freedom”, his viewpoint on a free human being and the relation between "free will "and “transcendence”. Offering the most primary views of the two philosophers on the complicated subject of Man’s free will, the present article is to point out the similarities and differences between the two philosophical traditions and make comments on the mentioned philosopher's way of thinking.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
7
31
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5807_3f4aec640bc16aab353b9df542174e68.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5807
Interpretation of Probabilistic Statements in Science
amir ehsan
karbasi zadeh
هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
meysam
mohammad amini
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
Science often seems to issue statements about probability of some occurrence. In this paper, we will take a look at three different interpretations of probability. What all of these interpretations share is that they satisfy the Kolmogorov axioms of probability. Briefly discussing each interpretation and its problems, we will focus on the subjective or Bayesian interpretation. Many philosophers have tried to understand evidence using probability. When there is uncertainty about a scientific hypothesis, observational evidence can sometimes raise or lower the probability of the hypothesis. Bayesianism is the most available version of this idea. According to the Bayesians, a probability measures a person’s degree of confidence in the truth of some proposition relative to available evidence.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
33
51
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5808_1205a9e2f49bf628b312518272110b6c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5808
A Comparative Study of the Epistemological Views of Duns Scotus and Ibn Sina
mehdi
abbas zadeh
هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
This paper is an endeavor to conduct a comparative study of the viewpoints of Johannes Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher and theologian (1266- 1308), on epistemology and knowledge, and Ibn Sina’s beliefs on the same issues. Given the fact that Scotus had studied the Latin translation of Ibn Sina's book, al-Shifa, the present study provides evidence as to how Scotus was influenced by Ibn Sina’s viewpoints under such issues as perceptional faculties, process of perception, natural object of reason, kinds of knowledge, levels of certainty, etc. While Scotus and Ibn Sina had been both influenced by Aristotle and the peripatetic tradition, there are still observed differences between them. Logical reasons, therefore, urge us to conduct a comparative study concerning the viewpoints of the two thinkers. With the above in mind, we will take into consideration the different atmospheres and cultures in which they lived; living and thus thinking in a Christian environment for one, and in an Islamic atmosphere for the other.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
53
74
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5809_1da54e679aa6d6dd138cc4827d3c89ed.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5809
An Explanation of Deliberative Democracy in Philosophical Thoughts of Habermas
hoseyn
harsih
هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
jalal
hajizadeh
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
As democracy has a generative nature, there is continuing discussion and study about its principles, teachings, objectives and conceptual development. This article aims to study and provide a scientific explanation of Habermas’s theory of discourse democracy and evaluate his reflections. For this purpose, analyzing his deliberative democracy patterns, through an analytical-descriptive approach and by library research, authors of this study investigate into the theoretical components of his thoughts with the aim of clarifying his basic principles of democracy. In view of the researchers, the discourse democracy of Habermas is of profound philosophical roots which form part of the knowledge foundation with a methodology focused on Emancipation. Therefore, findings of this research show that the political opinions and thoughts of Habermas have their roots in his philosophical principles.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
75
93
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5810_d5048a16cb6edea83ae6811acc840b13.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5810
A Comparison of A Priori Synthetic Judgments and Hume’s Theory of Abstract Ideas
ali
moradkhani
هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد
author
peyman
pour ghannad
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
This essay is to find distinctive aspects of a priori synthetic statements, whose judgment depends upon categories of understanding, in comparison to Hume’s discussion of abstraction and meaning. Through logical analysis of statements containing Kant’s Categories, we will demonstrate that the categories of Quality and Quantity, excluding the category of Universality, contain no mental concept unlikely to be experienced; they are therefore merely expressive of logical structures – a fact also acknowledged by empiricists – not as essential conditions for judgment. The categories of Modality, if meaningful, are perceivable only by mind not through experience. As for the conditional judgments, the Category of Causality will be discussed more precisely in this paper. It will be shown that the empiricist approach is incompatible with Kant’s theory in respect to the essence of causal relation, but compatible with it concerning the very existence of such relation. Here, we are not to deal with the Category of Substance or the Category of Reciprocity, since they are simply irrelevant to our discussions.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
95
105
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5811_2eeb7a1daec1437f404627e38022c446.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5811
Cosmological Arguments A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Allameh Tabataba’i and Avicenna
foruzan
rasekhi
هیئت علمی دانشگاه الزهرا
author
somayeh
kolahduzan
دانشجوی دانشگاه الزهرا
author
text
article
2010
per
Cosmological argument is one of the arguments used to prove the existence of God and has been noticed by philosophers from Plato’s time until now. In this research, the new writings of Allameh Tabataba’i on these arguments, in particular on cause and effect and movement are surveyed and compared with the convictions of Avicenna. To begin with, the related arguments proposed by Avicenna are extracted from his writings and reported in this study. In a comparative survey of Allameh’s writings on the above arguments and those of Avicenna, Allameh’s inspirations from Avicenna and his innovations are summarized here. In this regard, Allameh’s innovations, compared with Avicenna, are worth mentioning among which most of Allameh’s arguments are found to be in a higher level of stability than those of Avicenna.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
107
129
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5812_378aae797820daddaf2b5635eb3e4cd4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5812
Limits of Human Knowledge of God
parvin
nabian
هیئت علمی دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2010
per
This study aims to find answer to the question of “what are the limits of human knowledge of God, the Truth?” In response to the above question most scholars admit that God, in His very Essence, is not the object of our knowledge; yet, they agree that we can basically know Him through His attributes. Accordingly, to discuss man’s knowledge of God, a group of them adopt assimilation, as an approach; another opt for dissimilation and the third group a way in-between. This paper reviews the above approaches and demonstrates the insufficiency of each. The contention here is that due to the identity between God’s Essence and His attributes, His Attributes, too, fall out of the reach of human perception. Thus the extent to which human being can come to know God is only determined through His acts which are manifestations of His attributes. Beyond doubt, the most perfect knowledge of God can be achieved through His most perfect act, i.e. the Perfect Man, or ideally speaking: Imam. Thus, Man’s true knowledge of God, within the measure of his ability, is only possible as a result of the evolutional movement, manifestation of God’s attributes, attaining to the station of the devoted and the realization of the intuitive wisdom (not just argumentative wisdom). The man who, on the basis of the unity of Being, has reached the unity of intuition can be a mirror capable of showing the Truth in the most perfect manner and can therefore characterize the Truth with his existence (not merely by his words). This is confirmed by His Divine Words in the Holy Quran, saying: “Purity is to Allah from the matters they fabricate. Except the chosen bondmen of Allah.”. According to the above verses, only the purest and the devoted have the permission to describe Him.
Wisdom And Philosophy
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-3238
6
v.
23
no.
2010
131
151
https://wph.atu.ac.ir/article_5813_92ff61ee920dd0b51f4d3abda7bf8f6a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/wph.2010.5813