philosophy
Maryam alsadat Tabataei dana; Amirabbas Alizamani; Babak Abbasi
Abstract
Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Buber have considered the human being, his existential issues, and anxieties in their philosophical issues. Among these topics is the subject of the "other" and "meaning of life". Sartre's views appear in the position of an atheist thinker about the "other" and meaning in ...
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Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Buber have considered the human being, his existential issues, and anxieties in their philosophical issues. Among these topics is the subject of the "other" and "meaning of life". Sartre's views appear in the position of an atheist thinker about the "other" and meaning in life in two approaches. First, his radical view of the "other" is so pessimistic, and he calls it "hell", and the relationship with the "other" is based on "conflict". At this point, life is absurd and meaningless. He takes a moderate approach in his later views, believing that he has to invent a meaning for life and that the "other" can play an essential role in this meaning. Buber is a divine existentialist and sees the "other" and "meaning of life" in a deep bond. In his mind, the pursuit of authentic communication and the discovery of the meaning of life can only be possible when there is "Thou". Of course, Thou has a hierarchy, and the highest "you" is "eternal", and in the shadow of his grace, the meaning of life is discovered.
Hossein Salimi; Leila Ahar
Abstract
Analyzing the phenomena of the social world based on the idea is the purpose of this article. The paper attempts to show that ideas as the explanatory factor can be used in the study of social and political issues. To explain the analytic role of the idea, we take a constructivist-interpretive overview ...
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Analyzing the phenomena of the social world based on the idea is the purpose of this article. The paper attempts to show that ideas as the explanatory factor can be used in the study of social and political issues. To explain the analytic role of the idea, we take a constructivist-interpretive overview of the question "How is it possible?". Accordingly, the thinking human is at the center of attention. According to the constructivist-interpretive approach, it is the qualities in the thinking human that enable him to construct an idea of meaning and then give effect to it. These features include: 1) the human mental structure, (2) the ideographic perception of human, (3) the representational role of concepts and language in human, (4) causality in human, (5) rationality in human action. This article explains how human beings can influence the phenomena of the social world by explaining these characteristics in humans. By Understanding how the idea is influenced we show that the idea has the potential to be used as an explanatory factor for the analysis of social phenomena, including politics.
Hossein Shaqaqi
Abstract
"Indeterminacy begins at home" is the most important result of Quine's arguments in defense of "translation indeterminacy". This conclusion, which is also supported by Davidson, and hence we will call it the Quinnie-Davidson thesis, indicates a lack of definition of meaning in the mother tongue. Hans ...
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"Indeterminacy begins at home" is the most important result of Quine's arguments in defense of "translation indeterminacy". This conclusion, which is also supported by Davidson, and hence we will call it the Quinnie-Davidson thesis, indicates a lack of definition of meaning in the mother tongue. Hans Gluck, who likens this thesis to the "inevitability of translation" thesis in Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, criticizes Quine-Davidson's thesis and does not consider it defensible. Here, first, by reviewing Quinnie-Davidson's thesis as well as Gadamer, I will confirm Glock's alleged similarity, and secondly, in refuting Glock's criticisms, I will try to defend the Quine-Davidson thesis by reviewing the similarity and balance between the position of Quinn's root translator from one hand, and Quine's account of the situation of the child on the verge of learning the mother tongue, on the other hand.
amir samsami; jahangir masoodi
Abstract
Subjectivism as an epistemological schema is a fundamental element of modern thought. This schema was based on the Cartesian cogito and considering human as the “thinking substance”, and with Kant’s transcendental Philosophy and granting human a self-grounded role in the act of cognition, ...
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Subjectivism as an epistemological schema is a fundamental element of modern thought. This schema was based on the Cartesian cogito and considering human as the “thinking substance”, and with Kant’s transcendental Philosophy and granting human a self-grounded role in the act of cognition, it gained unique importance in the Human Knowledge of the New Age. However, with the beginning of the 20th century and the paradigmatic changes that occurred in Philosophy, thoughts appeared that strongly challenged the schema of subjectivism, this substantial foundation of modern thinking. Meanwhile, Wittgenstein is one of the philosophers who has made the most of his efforts to overcome this schema in his Philosophy. The present paper tries to measure the relation between Wittgenstein’s early and later thought with regards to modern subjectivism, and at the same time, strives to demonstrate the degree to which Wittgenstein's efforts have been successful toward transitioning past subjectivism in each period. On this basis, the first part of the article, with a transcendental reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus will show that Wittgenstein, while attempting to abandon the schema of subjectivism, continues to adhere to Kant's subjective approach. And in the second part, while referring to Wittgenstein's novel way of inquiring regarding philosophical issues, the paper will investigate how to transition from subjectivism in his later thought.
Khadije Hasanbeykzāde; Mirsaʻid Mousavi Karimi
Volume 11, Issue 42 , July 2015, , Pages 43-58
Abstract
Wittgenstein's view on the so-called “private language argument” is among the most important parts of his school of thought in the second period of his philosophical life. Here, there is one basic question that is whether we can imagine a language whose terms are merely understandable for ...
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Wittgenstein's view on the so-called “private language argument” is among the most important parts of his school of thought in the second period of his philosophical life. Here, there is one basic question that is whether we can imagine a language whose terms are merely understandable for the person using it. Whilst by giving reference to the lack of condition available to explicate the meaning of internal entities and feelings, Wittgenstein rejects the idea that such terms and words are private, and he argues that this language is not acceptable and imaginable because our sensory language depends on the physical world. In this article, we firstly try to analyze the concept of introspection to conceive a better perception of the private language argument. Then, we will investigate Wittgenstein’s approach about the so-called “private language argument” which is based on two fundamental concepts, namely meaning condition and Rule-guided argument, and will show how he is able to express his argument with a realistic attitude of meaning.
Masoud Haji Rabii; Mohammad Fanaie Eshkevari
Volume 10, Issue 38 , July 2014, , Pages 45-60
Abstract
‘Meaning’, in Ibn Arabi’s thought, is a general and common truth between the different semantic levels of a lexical item. Each item naturally has levels of semantics on which it applies. This common truth makes up the single essence dominant on the meanings of a word. This theory reconciles ...
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‘Meaning’, in Ibn Arabi’s thought, is a general and common truth between the different semantic levels of a lexical item. Each item naturally has levels of semantics on which it applies. This common truth makes up the single essence dominant on the meanings of a word. This theory reconciles with the divine verses of the Quran (those which are concerned with the properties of God), and based on this theory, the relation between the loads of these versus to their subject, that is God, is actual and free of figurative elements. The analogic products of the divine verses, after disregarding meaning from the temporal and potential complications, are attributed to God. In understanding this theory, Ibn Arabi’s ontological subjects are of great importance. This theory is greatly influential in understanding and hermeneutics of the Quran’s divine texts. The aim of this paper is to explain Ibn Arabi’s theory in terms of the essence of meaning with the end goal of undertaking semantic studies regarding the loads of the divine versus and to present this theory’s practical results.
