Alireza Esmaeilzadeh Barzi
Abstract
This paper is going to draw a comparison between pagan and Christian apologies for holy images. To this end, after giving a general history of the issue, the most important criticisms made of the images and veneration of them will be briefly considered. The next step is a detailed comparison between ...
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This paper is going to draw a comparison between pagan and Christian apologies for holy images. To this end, after giving a general history of the issue, the most important criticisms made of the images and veneration of them will be briefly considered. The next step is a detailed comparison between the two groups of apologies. These apologies are mostly concentrated on demonstrating the necessity of images, their functions, and their compatibility with the spiritual core of religion. The comparison will show that the Christian apologies are analogical in their basic aspects to the pagan apologies. In other words, the apologies that some Christian theologians made for images in response to the other Christians and Jews, was in a way the reproduction of apologies that pagan philosophers made in response to early Christians. A subsidiary result of this analogy is the transformation and restriction of the meaning of idolatry. Idolatry's definition in this transition becomes more and more restricted to the object of worship and no longer heeds to the rituals and appearances.
hasan mehrnia
Abstract
Religion and State from the beginning of world's history were two important issues which have occupied human mind. For a long time, there has been a dispute about the relationship between them. In this quarrel, we can find three main views: isotropy, divergence, and ascendancy of one of them to the other. ...
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Religion and State from the beginning of world's history were two important issues which have occupied human mind. For a long time, there has been a dispute about the relationship between them. In this quarrel, we can find three main views: isotropy, divergence, and ascendancy of one of them to the other. In this paper, we have a brief look on Hegel’s political and religious thoughts and his turning in his viewpoints. Then we examine and criticize his opinions about politics and religion. Further, we should notice that although he regards religion only as an instrument in the hands of the state, we are not allowed to regard him as an atheist philosopher or as an adherent of separation between state and religion. At the end of the paper, we find that although the theory of “organic state” which Hegel suggests for solving the “paradox of liberty and submission” is a growth head way in comparison with “mechanical view” of Lock and Hobbes about the social contract and with Benthamian utilitarianism, but firstly, there is no restriction against becoming his constitutional monarchy to a kind of dictatorship and secondly, as he finally regards religion as a servant for the state, the relationships between state and religion remains unsolved in his philosophical system.
mohammad asghari
Abstract
This article considers the relation of reason and faith in Kierkegaard's existentialist Thought. Kierkegaard describes the faith as a kind of "passion", "leap" or "relation to God" and believes that it is over reason and sometimes has position that is completely against reason. According to Kierkegaard, ...
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This article considers the relation of reason and faith in Kierkegaard's existentialist Thought. Kierkegaard describes the faith as a kind of "passion", "leap" or "relation to God" and believes that it is over reason and sometimes has position that is completely against reason. According to Kierkegaard, the faith can save us but we cannot know the faith by reason. He defend faith against reason, hence he is called a "Fideist." In addition, this article tries to show that it is found a sort of rationalism in Kierkegaard’s works, especially when he is articulating the nature of faith; but his rationalism is not similar to the rationalism of enlightenment.
